Demineralized water has a low electrical conductivity and a low concentration of dissolved particles. Demineralized water is defined as "water containing an electrical conductivity less than 5 S/cm.
How many Types of demineralized water?
It is separated into four categories:
Type Application |
Type I Metal tracking analysis Photometry
Type II Pharmaceutical industry Atomic absorption spectrometry
Type III Laboratory crops High-precision analytical sample rinsing Reference sample preparation Hospitals
Type IV Bottled water Water feeding boilers Textile industry Chemical industry Breweries Drinking water Cars and batteries Fertilizers Industrial plants Power plants Oil and gas sector |
Natural waters contain a variety of dissolved minerals that produce ions, with positive charges (cations) and negative charges (anions), which make them better electrical conductors than completely pure water. Because these ions are present in water, electricity may move through it.
Since, the concentration of dissolved solids in the water and electrical conductivity are directly inversely correlated, the conductivity rises as the concentration of dissolved solids does.
How to obtain demineralized water?
The following are some of the processes used in the industry to obtain demineralized water:
· Ion exchange
· Filtration using reverse osmosis membrane
· Distillation
· Electrodeionization (EDI)
1: Utilizing ion exchange resins for demineralization
Making water flow through a cationic resin bed (charged with H+ ions) and an anionic resin bed (charged with OH- ions), or a single bed containing both, is the process of demineralizing water through ion exchange (mixed resin).
According to the combined functional groups connected to their polymeric matrix, the resins are divided into four major groups:
· A strong acid cation (SAC)
· Unstable acid cation (WAC)
· A powerful basic anion (SBA)
The most efficient resin combination for a demineralization system is determined by the water chemistry, which affects the design of the ion exchange system (a thorough anion and cation analysis is advised).
2: Utilizing reverse osmosis to demineralize
Water is forced through a semi-permeable membrane during reverse osmosis at a high differential pressure, resulting in concentrated dissolved solids on one side of the membrane (rejection), and the water with low concentrations of these on the other (product).
The feed and the membrane's specified salt rejection % will determine the product water's quality. Different configurations are possible with RO systems, allowing for greater product water quality, higher production rates, and lower rejection rates.
3: Distillation-based demineralization
Water is chemically and biologically purified through thermal vaporisation and condensation, in the process of demineralization by distillation. Water distillation systems don't need a lot of feed water controls, but it's important to pay attention to fluctuations in condensate quality and contaminant carryover.
4: Demineralization during electrodialysis
Water is produced to flow over ion-selective cation and anion membranes that are arranged alternately, during the electrodialysis process. This is done in a chamber known as a battery or accumulator, which supplies an electrical current to allow the ions to pass through the membranes. The ions are moved from a diluted solution to a concentrated solution.
5: Demineralization by electrodeionization (EDI)
The electrodeionization systems (EDI) produce water that is extremely pure (up to 18.2 M/cm), and continuously regenerates by combining resins, ion-selective membranes, and electric charges.
It involves putting water through resin chambers that are separated from one another by ion-selective membranes. The anions and cations trapped in the resin can be displaced by the electric current, thanks to the resin's conductivity. These anions and cations are then concentrated and removed from the system in the rejection flow.
The electrical current also divides the water into hydrogen (H+) and hydroxyl (OH-) ions, allowing the resin to be continuously renewed without the use of chemical regenerators.
Manufacturer of water treatment plants
A wide range of industrial and commercial water filters are available from Netsol Water, and they may be customised to meet the demands and requirements of any particular project. In addition, we provide top-notch RO plants, water softeners and activated carbon filters that can be used for any tertiary water treatment, or water purification application.
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