What are the cleaners and additives for boilers & cooling towers?
Industrial boilers and steam raising plants are widely used in a variety of commercial, manufacturing, and industrial processes.
To ensure that such boiler systems are properly maintained and operated at peak efficiency, the correct boiler water conditions must be maintained at all times. This can be accomplished by incorporating specific boiler water treatment chemicals into the feed water.
Additives for boilers
Most boiler water treatment products contain an additive known as sulfite, which, when kept at a low residual of 30–60 ppm in the boiler water, converts free oxygen into SO4, which is a soluble salt and can be removed through boiler blowdown. There cannot be free oxygen present in the boiler water while there is a residual of sulfite present. This control limit provides adequate assurance for continuous protection in the event of a rapid infusion of free oxygen.
A polymer or phosphate constituent is typically included in treatments. It will either prevent scale crystallization or precipitate out the calcium and magnesium hardness into a non-adhering sludge in the presence of adequate alkalinity levels. By performing a routine blowdown, this sludge can be removed from the boiler.
A volatile amine returns line treatment, an ingredient that exits the boiler with the steam, is also included in comprehensive treatment products or programs (unlike the other treatment constituents). This removes the acidity that is commonly found in the after-boiler section, which includes the steam lines and condensate return line plumbing.
To ensure a consistent level throughout the operating day, boiler treatments should be added continuously to the feed-water line near the boiler's entry point. It can be inserted directly into the feed-water condensate return tank in smaller applications. Slug feeding causes proper residuals to spike either too high or too low, and it is not an ideal safe or effective method.
When boiler water is vaporized into steam, the minerals, salts, and chemical treatments that are dissolved in the boiler remain behind and concentrate, while make-up water additions are made on a continuous basis.
Consider adding sugar to a boiling teapot. The water in the vessel will eventually saturate, and the sugar will precipitate out, forming a deposit on the bottom of the pot in the hottest location. Similarly, regardless of how well the boiler is treated, the contaminants in the boiler water (measured as total dissolved solids) will begin to drop out of the solution.If the concentrated solution is not diluted by deliberate discharge (blowdown) and replaced with less solid-laden water, the solids will form scale on the hottest internal surfaces where maximum heat transfer occurs.
The cooling tower water treatment chemicals
Cooling tower water treatment frequently employs a variety of mechanical filtration and side-stream filtration methods, but the performance and effectiveness of your water treatment are frequently determined by the chemicals you use. Chemically treating cooling tower water helps to balance the chemical properties of the water, preparing it for other treatment methods.
The following are the most common chemicals used in cooling tower water treatment:
Biocides and Algaecides
Controlling microbiological growth is critical to maintaining ideal water conditions. You can control any buildup and the resulting bio-corrosion that occurs under slime deposits by using carefully selected biocides in conjunction with dispersants. Depending on your water treatment needs, you can have both oxidizing and non-oxidizing biocides for total system control.
pH Modifiers
Lower pH levels can accelerate corrosion, so alkalinity or pH adjusters can help reduce corrosion in a cooling tower. Everyone suggests keeping your cooling tower water at a pH of 10 or higher.
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