What are the factors influencing process selection of WTP?
All engineering, economic, energy, and environmental aspects are considered in the design of treatment facilities.
Water Quality at the Source
For treatment procedure selection, a comparison of source water quality and desired finished water quality is required.
The engineer can find one or more treatment techniques capable of achieving quality improvement by knowing the changes in water quality that must be achieved.
Water has enhanced concentrations of dissolved constituents or higher temperature following practically every sort of water usage, whether municipal, industrial, or agricultural. As a result, the water quality of the water bodies receiving the discharge or return flow is impacted. Furthermore, when the water flows downstream, additional water use might deteriorate the water quality even more.
Contaminant Elimination
The primary goal of treatment for many source waters, particularly surface waters, is to remove contaminants.
The quality of treated water must comply with all current CPCB drinking water laws and standards. Furthermore, to the extent that future rules may be projected by rigorous examination of prospective drinking water regulations, water treatment procedures should be chosen to allow the water utility to comply with those future regulations when they take effect.
Customers may view water with a foul taste or odour, as well as other aesthetic issues, as dangerous. Customers may lose faith in the utility as a result of this, and some may switch to an unsafe source of water rather than utilize a safe but visually unappealing public water supply. Much is known about the abilities of various water treatment technologies to remove both permitted contaminants and chemicals that cause aesthetic issues in general.
Reliability
Process reliability is a crucial factor to consider, and in some circumstances, it may be the deciding factor in which process to use.
Surface water disinfection is required, so this is an example of a treatment method that should be virtually fail-safe. Two or more of every important elements, such as pumps, settling basins, flocculators, filters, and chemical feeders, must be provided unless the treatment plant may be taken out of operation for maintenance and repair work. The relative relevance of each item must be determined on a case-by-case basis, keeping in mind that safe drinking water must be available at all times.
Situational Aspects
When a treatment plant is being examined for upgrading or expansion, the existing processes might have a big influence on the processes that go into it.
When alternative clarification procedures are available, some of which require only a fraction of the space required for a traditional settling basin, site constraints may be critical in process selection.
Flexibility in the process
It's critical for a water treatment plant to be able to adapt to future restrictions or changes in source water quality.
Water utilities must accept that further rules are anticipated in the future, given the current regulatory climate.Future regulations may demand further treatment or more effective treatment for some utilities, such as when a previously unregulated contaminant is found in the source water or a maximum contamination level for a contaminant in the utility's source water is lowered.
Costs
When it comes to process selection, cost is usually a major component.
Cost analysis for various process trains using engineering economics principles may appear simple at first glance, but this is not always the case.
Water treatment costs are determined by three factors:
1: The quality of the raw water, with expenses rising as the quality of the raw water deteriorates,
2: The level of treatment necessary, with the purer the produced water, the higher the cost of production; and finally,
3: The amount of water required and, as a result, the size of the treatment plant, with the cost of water per unit volume dropping as the treatment facility's capacity increases.
Environmentally friendly
Environmental compatibility considerations span a wide range of challenges, including residual waste management, the percentage of source water wasted in treatment procedures, and treatment energy requirements.
Water treatment has an impact that goes beyond the treatment plant. Although there are numerous advantages to supplying clean drinking water, care must be taken to ensure that the treatment procedures used to deliver that water do not cause major environmental problems.
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