What are the top 10 diseases caused by sewage water in India?
Water quality issues due to pollution by human and chemical waste are common in India, where urbanisation often grows faster than drainage infrastructure. Ingesting sewage-polluted water may have dire results and may give birth to numerous waterborne diseases. Here, we shall list ten diseases resulting from sewage water contamination in India.
1: Cholera:
Vibrio cholera is a type of bacteria that causes cholera, which leads to an infection. Infection through contaminated water, especially with sewage, is a significant means of transmission. This is diarrhoea and severe dehydration.
2: Typhoid Fever:
Water contaminated with human faeces provides a habitat for Salmonella typhi, the microbe causing typhoid fever. Inadequate sanitation facilitates its transmission.
3: Hepatitis A:
Hepatitis A — a virus aimed at your liver. The virus has been spread by water or food contaminated with faeces in regions without a sound water system.
4: Dysentery:
Dysentery arises from infection due to bacteria such as Shigella and parasites such as Entamoeba histolytica leading to bloody diarrhoea and abdominal pain. Sewage-contaminated water typically leads to that result.
5: Polio (Poliomyelitis):
Polio was caused by the poliovirus, for example, in sewage. If insufficient sewage is treated correctly and proper sanitary hygiene practices are not maintained, cholera can become a disabling disease.
6: Gastroenteritis:
Gastroenteritis, featuring symptoms such as diarrhoea, vomiting, and stomach cramps, can be caused by several pathogens in water polluted with sewage, such as rotavirus and norovirus.
7: Amoebiasis:
Amoebiasis is caused by Entamoeba histolytica, a common parasite found in sewage. If taken through contaminated food and water, it can bring up intense intestinal illnesses.
8: Diarrheal Diseases:
Sewage-contaminated water contains a variety of pathogens, including Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Campylobacter, which can cause many diarrheal diseases, particularly in children.
9: Ascariasis:
Ascariasis is an infection caused by roundworms or ascariasis lumbricoides that affect the lower part of the human digestive system. When human waste is not well-managed, they spreadpathogens by making them present in the water resources.
10: Skin Infections:
Sewage-contaminated water can result in skin irritations such as contact dermatitis, fungal infections and cellulitis due to exposure to pathogenic organisms.
Prevention and Mitigation
To combat these waterborne diseases caused by sewage contamination, several measures are crucial:
Improved Sanitation Infrastructure: Purchase sewage treatment systems and waste disposal methods to prevent sewage from polluting water bodies.
Access to Clean Water: Secure access to clean water via purification systems or safe water distribution channels, among other ways.
Hygiene Education: Ensure that people know how to properly wash their hands, practice good hygiene when handling food, and have access to good quality sanitation.
Regular Monitoring: Install water quality monitoring equipment to identify bacterial contamination quickly.
Vaccination Programs: Vaccinate populations against diseases like polio and hepatitis A.
Community Engagement: Work with communities to keep water clean and drainage flowing correctly.
Conclusion
India, even today, suffers the menace of sewage-polluted water, leading to various waterborne diseases. Tackling this issue needs to be addressed comprehensively with better sanitation infrastructure, access to clean drinking water, education and community engagement. Attacking the core sanitation issue will lead to a marked alleviation in the burden of communicable diseases in India and improve the general health of its citizenry.
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