Dairy production uses a lot of water, making it one of the most polluting food businesses. India's dairy industry is anticipated to grow quickly as a result of the country's rising milk demand, with waste generation and associated environmental concerns taking on more significance.
Poorly treated wastewater with high levels of contaminants due to subpar design, operation, or treatment systems, poses significant environmental issues when discharged to the surface of land or water. As a result, a set of guidelines put forth by CPCB are provided for effluent treatment plants in the dairy industry, to limit the effluent discharge to standard values.
Effluent generated from the dairy industry
Highly putrescible organic elements are present in dairy wastewater. This calls for fast and sufficient waste water treatment before environmental discharge. The organic parts of dairy waste can almost all be broken down by bacteria. This allows for the biological treatment of the wastewater, either aerobically or anaerobically.
When these wastes have an adverse effect on the environment, they are regarded as possible pollutants. They are often emitted as solids, liquid effluents, and slurries that contain a range of organic and inorganic substances.
What are the CPCB Guidelines for ETP in the dairy industry?
Dairy effluent |
Concentration in mg/l except pH |
pH
BOD [3 days at 27oC]
Suspended Solids
Oil and Grease
|
6.5 – 8.5
100
150
10
|
1: If the recipient fresh water body is a source of drinking water supply, BOD requirements may be made stricter up to 30 mg/l. BOD must not exceed 350 mg/l when applied to land from a cooling plant, provided that the land is set up and run as a secondary treatment system, with the appropriate monitoring infrastructure.
2: After secondary treatment, the drainage water from the land must adhere to a limit of 30 mg/l of BOD, and 10 mg/l of nitrate, or "N," stated. More than 3 mg/l of BOD and 3 mg/l of nitrate should not be added to the groundwater, to improve its quality.
3: BOD value is relaxable up to 350 mg/l provided the wastewater is discharged into a town sewer, leading to secondary treatment of the sewage. This limit for applying on land is authorised subject to the availability of suitable land for discharge, under the management of industry.
4: Suspended particles limits may be relaxed up to 450 mg/l as long as wastewater is released into town sewers, which results in secondary sewage treatment.
5: Caustic or acid are used as pH controls to first bring the pH to 8.5. A de-emulsifier is then used to dissolve any emulsions, causing solids to precipitate.
Conclusion
Contrary to many other businesses, the output of industrial wastewater or effluent is highest in the dairy industry. According to the procedure employed in the dairy industry, 1 litre of milk requires about 2 litres of water. This demonstrates emphatically how many effluents must be handled, in order to enhance operations and adhere to environmental rules.
Dairy industry effluent treatment plant manufacturer
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