What is Watershed Restoration?
The restoration of a watershed restores the ecosystem to as close to its original state as possible, prior to a specific incident or period of deterioration. If a watershed has deteriorated suddenly as a result of a sewage spill, restoration may be as simple as a few procedures. When a watershed deteriorates gradually, restoration can necessitate rigorous scientific protocols as well as lengthy, complicated, and costly operations.
The restorative process entails improving water quality, repairing the source of the water damage, and reintroducing plant and animal species to the watershed. In some cases, it is enough to make the restored habitat appealing to native species and allow for natural repopulation.
There are two types of restoration:
Re-establishment and re-habilitation.
The alteration of a watershed's various characteristics in order to restore the site's former function is known as re-establishment. Construction to rebuild physical parts of the watershed can be part of re-establishment. Re-establishment frequently results in the enlargement of the total area of the watershed, as acreage that has fallen into disuse is reutilized to restore the watershed's former dimensions.
Considerations and Goals
The primary goal of a watershed restoration effort, which employs scientific principles and technical skills, is to restore the ecosystem's ability to function.
Because an ecosystem has a plethora of interactions, this can be a difficult goal to achieve. Interactions between watershed inhabitants, water level and flow, nutrient cycling, and the inevitable, natural changes that occur over time that change ecosystem dynamics are examples of these (e.g., soil erosion and replacement).
The importance of watershed restoration to the health of the species that comprise the ecosystem and the communities that rely on the watershed for drinking water is becoming more widely recognized.
Restoration efforts in one section of a watershed must take into account the needs of the entire watershed. Changes in one area can have unfavorable consequences both upstream and downstream. To address even a localized problem in a watershed, a broad perspective is required.
A watershed is a section of land where all of the water that flows through it or drains from it ends up in the same place. Healthy watersheds are that area of land, a bounded hydrologic system, within which all living things are inextricably linked by their common water course.
As a result, the animals, plants, trees, insects, humans, and all other living creatures that share a common watershed are in a symbiotic relationship and rely on one another to ensure that everyone has access to a healthy environment, including water. What we do on the land has an impact on the water quality for all communities living downstream.
Conclusion
Watershed Development (WSD) has been a part of India's national strategy to improve agricultural production and alleviate poverty in rainfed areas since the 1970s. Watershed Development programs seek to restore degraded watersheds in rainfed areas in order to increase their capacity to capture and store rainwater, reduce soil erosion, and improve soil nutrient and carbon content, all of which result in higher agricultural yields and other benefits. Increases in agricultural yields improve human welfare while also improving national food security because the majority of India's rural population live in these areas and rely on natural resources for a living.
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