What is Electrodialysis and its advantages?
Electrodialysis water treatment process (ED – Process) and Electro Dialysis Reversal (EDR) water treatment process use reverse osmosis water treatment membranes that are semipermeable to transport ions based on their charge and use electrical current to lower the ionic content of water.
Electrodialysis is an electrochemical process that transportsions through semi-permeable membrane under the influence of an electric potential. It works only with ionized substances; for example, salt (NaCl) dissolves into a combination of Na+ and Cl- ions in solution. (On the other hand, because silica does not ionize, it is not eliminated by Electrodialysis.) Reverse osmosis, on the other hand, could be able to get rid of it.
Working of the electrodialysis process
When electrodes are immersed in a salt solution and linked to an appropriate direct current supply, current flows, carried by the ions. Cations are ions that have a positive charge and are attracted to the negative cathode. Anions with a negative charge flow towards the positive anode. Filters or membranes selectively impermeable to cations or anions are alternately put between the electrodes in electrodialysis.
Cation filters allow anions to get through but prevent positively charged cations from doing so. The anion filter, on the other hand, keeps anions out while allowing cations to get through. Ions will gather in various sections of the tank as their flow is monitored by an appropriate filter. As a result, cells with increasing salt content alternate with cells with decreasing salt concentration. Water is extracted from the relevant compartments that have been properly desalinated.
Field of application
Electrodialysis is mostly utilized for brackish water desalination because sea water desalination is too expensive. It produces ultra-pure water for the electronics and pharmaceutical industries when combined with ion exchange and activated carbon. ED systems have been designed for removal of hardness from industrial wastewater.
Difference between dialysis and electrodialysis
Dia?lysis is the process of moving water from the lower osmolar compartment to the higher osmolar compartment across a semi-permeable membrane. The compartment with the lowest osmolarity has a higher concentration of water molecules.As a result, water flows in the direction of its concentration gradient, from the lower osmolarity compartment to the higher osmolarity compartment.
Electrodialysis, on the other hand, is the flow of ions via an ion exchange membrane that determines whether the ions can pass based on their electrical charge. A difference in electrical potential is the driving force for ion mobility.
Electrodialysis, unlike dialysis, does not include the movement of water through the membranes, simply the flow of ions.
Advantages and disadvantages of electrodialysis
A: Advantages
i) The ED system separates without changing phases, resulting in reduced energy use.
ii) When brackish water is desalted using an ED system, only minimal pre-treatment is required. Only chlorination for disinfection is usually necessary.
iii) The ED system is ideal for distinguishing non-ionized from ionized components since it exclusively eliminates ionized species.
iv) Because osmotic pressure isn't a concern in the ED system, it can be used to concentrate salt solutions to 20% or more.
B: Disadvantages
i) The ED system does not remove organic debris, colloids, or SiO2.
ii) To keep ED stacks from clogging, feedwater must be pre-treated.
iii) Extensive controls are required and maintaining them in top shape might be tough.
iv) The building materials for membranes and stacks must be chosen carefully to ensure compatibility with the feed stream.
Conclusion
Water shortage is a big issue that affects people all around the world. Human activities have contaminated a large portion of the water that may be drunk. Nature plays a part, but the primary source of water scarcity is increased use and inefficient use. A significant portion of the problem may be handled if wastewater treatment is treated seriously and safeguards are taken at every step to enhance water quality.
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