What is alum dosing in wastewater treatment?
Because of its high efficiency, efficacy in clarifying, and utility as a sludge dewatering agent, aluminium sulphate or Alum {Al2(SO4)3} is the coagulant of choice for many industrial and sanitary wastewater treatment applications. The chemical leaves no residual colour, is particularly effective at removing turbidity, and is available in food grade quality.
Alum Dosing Method
Aluminium sulphate is typically dosed in a liquid solution containing 5-47 percent w/w. It is often supplied using dosing pumps into an area of high water turbulence to allow for quick mixing of the alum with the receiving water. When dosing strong solutions, it is common practice to pump the alum solution into extra dilution water to assist good mixing and quick coagulation in the raw water.
Where does an alum come into play?
1: Fabric Dyeing
An application for alum is dyeing and printing on fabric. When dissolved in a significant volume of water with a neutral or slightly alkaline pH, the chemical generates aluminium hydroxide, a sticky material. This aids dye adhesion to fabric fibres by rendering the dye water insoluble. The job of aluminium sulphate, then is that it acts as a dye "fixer," which means that it joins with the molecular structure of the dye and the cloth to ensure that the dye does not flow out when the fabric is wet.
2: Making Paper
Alum was once used to make paper, but synthetic agents have mainly replaced it. It aids in the size of the paper. It results in acidic circumstances, whereas synthetic sizing agents result in acid-free paper that does not degrade as quickly.
3: Applications in Medicine
Alum has a variety of medicinal applications. It is generally used as a coagulant in the treatment of small wounds and abrasions, as well as a deodorant. This chemical also adsorbs and precipitates protein antigens in solution; the resultant precipitate increases vaccination immunogenicity by allowing antigen to be released slowly from the vaccine depot established at the site of inoculation. Furthermore, solutions containing 5–10% have been utilized as local treatments to ulcers and to stop unpleasant discharges from mucosal surfaces. It is found in pharmaceutical industry products.
Use of Aluminium Sulphate in wastewater treatment
Aluminium sulphate, or alum, is used as a flocculant in water supplies to remove unwanted colour and turbidity. It has been used for this purpose since ancient times, and its use in conventional water and wastewater treatment processes around the world along with filtration is standard practice.
The most common type of aluminium sulphate (Alum) utilized in municipal drinking water and wastewater treatment systems is iron-free aluminium sulphate (Alum). Alum is an effective initial coagulant in potable water applications. Alum eliminates turbidity, suspended solids, TOC and BODfrom wastewater by charge neutralization and flocculation.
It readily hydrolyses to generate insoluble precipitates, which aid in the removal of microscopic particles that are difficult to filter and/or too small to settle by gravity in a reasonable amount of time.
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