What diseases are caused by sewage in water and How to treat this?
Although having access to clean and safe drinking water is a fundamental human right, sewage contamination of water sources causes millions of people globally to contract waterborne diseases. Sewage can bring a variety of toxins and pathogens into water bodies, which can result in a number of diseases. In this article, we'll look at the illnesses brought on by sewage-contaminated water and talk about how to deal with and avoid these health risks.
Typical Waterborne Illnesses Resulting from Sewage Contamination
· Cholera: The Vibrio cholerae bacterium is the source of the highly contagious bacterial infection known as cholera. It is spread by consuming water or food that has been contaminated with faeces that carry the bacterium. When left untreated, cholera can be lethal and cause severe diarrhoea and dehydration.
· Typhoid Fever: Typhoid fever is typically spread by consuming water or food that has been contaminated with human faeces. It is brought on by the bacterium Salmonella Typhi. High fever, stomach ache, and intestinal inflammation are symptoms. If typhoid fever is not treated, it can be fatal.
· Hepatitis A: Hepatitis A is a liver-damaging viral illness. It is transmitted by consuming water or food that has been tainted by the hepatitis A virus, which can be found in sewage. Jaundice, exhaustion, and abdominal pain are symptoms. Even while the majority of patients fully recover, severe cases can happen, especially in elderly folks.
· Gastroenteritis: The term "gastroenteritis" refers to any inflammation of the stomach or intestines, often brought on by bacterial or viral infections. Water supplies may get contaminated by sewage, which can cause symptoms like diarrhoea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Norovirus and rotavirus are frequent offenders.
· Dysentery: Dysentery is an intestinal inflammation that is frequently brought on by the parasite Entamoeba histolytica or the bacterium Shigella. In addition to fever, stomach cramps, and acute diarrhoea with blood and mucus, it causes these symptoms. If dysentery is not treated right away, it could be fatal.
Managing Waterborne Illnesses Resulting from Sewage Contamination
· Water Treatment and Sanitation: Addressing waterborne diseases brought on by sewage contamination requires a fundamental shift in infrastructure for water treatment and sanitation. Water that is safe to drink and proper sewage treatment and disposal are crucial. Sewage networks, wastewater treatment facilities, and their routine maintenance must be funded by local governments and communities.
· Water Quality Testing: To quickly identify pollution issues, routine water quality testing is essential. Pathogens and pollutants in water sources can be found by routine monitoring before they represent a serious risk to human health. When contamination is found, the issue can be mitigated with the right steps.
· Education and knowledge: It's critical to raise public knowledge of the value of clean water and good hygiene habits. The risks of sewage-contaminated water and the advantages of clean water practises, such as handwashing, utilising water filters or purifiers, and boiling water before consumption, should be made known to communities.
· Better Sanitation Facilities: It's essential to have access to sewage systems and toilets in order to stop human waste from contaminating water sources. Construction and upkeep of sanitation infrastructure should be given top priority by governments and organisations, especially in underserved areas.
· Vaccination programmes: These can be useful in preventing outbreaks in areas where waterborne diseases are common. For illnesses like cholera and hepatitis A, vaccines are available and can offer long-term immunity.
· Hygiene Promotion: It's essential to encourage proper hygiene habits if you want to avoid contracting any waterborne illnesses. This involves using soap to wash your hands properly, handling food safely, and disposing of human waste safely. Communities can adopt these practises with the aid of hygiene education programmes.
· Emergency Response: Quick action is critical in the event of an outbreak of a waterborne disease. Healthcare facilities must be set up to handle affected people, and public health organisations should coordinate their efforts to stop the disease's spread.
Research and innovation: Ongoing studies of sanitation techniques and water treatment technologies may result in more practical and cost-effective ways to deal with sewage contamination. Innovations like low-cost water filters, hygienic solutions for locations with limited resources, and techniques for detecting pathogens can have a big impact.
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