The Earth is covered by around 70% water, derived from various water bodies such as the sea, oceans, ponds, lakes, etc. We all know that Earth is the only planet in the solar system where life is possible because we have water on the surface and oxygen in the air. Water has unique properties which make it possible for life to exist on the planet.
Do you know that there are different types of water present? Some of them are freshwater, pure water, seawater, distilled water, etc. These different kinds of water vary both in terms of chemical and physical properties. This article mainly discusses seawater and its various characteristics.
So, first of all, let us know what seawater is and, after that, the characteristics of seawater.
Concept of seawater
In layman's terms, if we look at words, we would say that the water obtained from the sea is seawater. But in a technical sense, seawater, also known as saltwater, contains a mixture weighing 96.5% in the form of liquid water. Sodium and chloride dominant elements dissolved in the water. At the same time, magnesium and sulfate comprise the second number in a matter of presence in seawater. The remaining quantity consists of various other dissolved inorganic and organic substances and a few atmospheric gases.
Though seawater is the same as freshwater, there are only a few noticeable differences between the two. While describing the characteristics of seawater, we consider its salinity, freezing point, density, electrical conductivity, etc.
Characteristics of seawater
1. Seawater contains salts as one of its properties. Whenever seawater is tasted, you will always feel a sense of salinity in the water. This is because of the dissolved salts present in the water. It is believed that around 3.5% of seawater contains dissolved salts.
2. The freezing point of seawater is a little bit lower than the of freshwater. Because of the lower temperature, the density of the seawater remains higher.
3. The density of seawater depends mainly upon two things: temperature and salinity. Seawater has low temperature and high salinity; therefore, the density of seawater remains higher than freshwater. The average temperature of seawater is 3.5 degrees celsius.
4. The electrical conductivity of seawater is higher than the freshwater.
5. The nature of seawater is slightly basic, i.e., its pH ranges from a scale between 7.4 to 8.5 (pH is defined as the concentration of hydrogen ions present in the water).
6. Gases in seawater are added by diffusion and wave action.
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