Large-scale petroleum production will produce several different kinds of effluent. Many dangerous compounds are included in these wastewaters, endangering not only the environment but also human life and health. Petroleum-oil extraction technology must constantly advance in terms of professionalism and practicality, emphasise environmental protection, and achieve significant reductions in energy consumption and energy use, which are inextricably linked to good wastewater treatment.
Professional technology can reduce the proportion of a class of substances, improve the quality of wastewater treatment, and contribute to the advancement of oil extraction technology because suspended solids, emulsified oil, as well as harmful substances occupy a higher proportion.
Problems associated with the wastewater generated from petroleum oil extraction
· Polymer chemical flooding lessens the effect of oil removal
A typical wastewater treatment technology called polymer chemical flooding will run across issues, including challenging application procedures and challenging operation. Although, using polymer chemical flooding to emulsify oil can change the original oil into an emulsion, gravity de-oiling technology will lose its proper de-oiling impact because of the increased amount of polymer and active agent.
Additionally, the materials recovered by polymer chemical flooding are frequently quite few, which lower the effectiveness of oil removal.
· Pollutants are difficult to eliminate
Many oil extractions produce wastewater that contains contaminants with more complex constituents, such as suspended particles and oil displacing agents. Due to the complexity of these two elements, the performance of the pollutants is highly stable and difficult to eliminate.
· There are issues with the way heavy oil wastewater from steam flooding is treated
Although, treating heavy oil wastewater with steam flooding can have some benefits, silica in the wastewater is a difficult problem to solve. The recovery of heavy oil effluent using steam flooding will also result in a decrease in treatment effectiveness, and an increase in treatment time.
How to treat wastewater generated from petroleum oil extraction?
· Membrane filtration
Water quality and oil removal efficiency can both be improved with the use of membrane filtration treatment technology, which is a typical technology in the treatment of oil extraction wastewater. The basic idea behind physical treatment is to use membrane separation in conjunction with micro and nanofiltration, to remove suspended materials from wastewater.
· Chemical treatment
Chemical treatment technology, in contrast to physical treatment technology, focuses on using appropriate chemical reagents to chemically react with the substances, to be treated in order to produce the desired treatment effect. Numerous techniques are available in chemical treatment technology, and they can be chosen depending on the circumstances.
Precipitation, neutralisation, and chemical oxidation technologies are among the chemical treatment methods, which are often utilized because they are efficient at treating pollutants and suspended solids in wastewater.
· Use of biological agents
The fundamental method of biological treatment is the use of microbial enzymes to absorb bacteria and heavy metals, which are subsequently broken down into useful and usable compounds by enzymes. This process, also known as biodegradation, is frequently utilized in the treatment of wastewater.
Conclusion
Currently, technology for treating wastewater from oil extraction has to be developed and promoted. It is impossible to disregard the issues with wastewater treatment technology used in oil extraction.
More effective coagulation de-emulsifiers can be employed to improve the effect and efficiency of oil removal, decrease follow-up issues, and lower technical expenses.
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