Introduction
The technique of composting provides a way to simultaneously process and recycle waste and sewage sludge. Composting is projected to become more prevalent, as landfill and solid-waste incinerator choices are constrained, by stricter environmental regulations.
In this article, we will discuss about how solid waste is treated through composting.
How to treat solid waste through Composting?
Composting, a biological process in which the organic component of waste is allowed to decay under strictly supervised circumstances, is another way to dispose municipal solid waste. The organic waste is metabolized by microbes, which also causes a volume reduction of up to 50%.
It produces compost or humus. It can be used as a soil conditioner or mulch, and has a texture and smell similar to potting soil.
Steps of composting
Sorting and separating, size reduction, and digestion of the waste are the steps,which make up the composting process.
A: Shredding and sorting
Through sorting and separating processes, the decomposable components of waste are separated from glass, metal, and other inorganic materials. Utilizing variations in the physical qualities of the waste, such as size, density, and magnetic properties, these are carried out mechanically.
By reducing the size of the waste materials, shredding or pulverising creates a homogenous mass of material. Generally, rotary shredders and hammer mills are used to achieve this.
B: Processing and ingesting
Either, an enclosed mechanical facility or an open windrow method can be used to compost pulverized waste.
· Open windrow method
Windrows are lengthwise, slender piles of trash. Every few days, they are flipped or stirred to allow the bacteria that are digesting the organics, with access to air. It could take five to eight weeks for the waste to be completely digested, depending on the moisture levels.
Temperatures in an active compost pile reaches about 65 °C (150 °F), due to the metabolic activity of aerobic bacteria, killing any pathogenic organisms that may be present in the waste.Composting on open windrows takes a sizable amount of land.
· Use of mechanical digesters
One or more closed tanks or digesters with revolving vanes, which mix and aerate the shred waste, are used in mechanical composting systems. It takes roughly a week for the waste to completely digest.
Use of compost
Compost that has been dug up needs to be processed before it can be applied as mulch or a soil enhancer. Drying, screening, and granulating or pelletizing is all included in processing.
The most significant barrier to composting's commercial viability, as a waste management strategy is improved by these processes, which raises the compost's market value. The demand for digested compost in agriculture is often limited, due to the high cost of transportation and competition from inorganic chemical fertilizers.
Limitation: For large-scale operations, rigorous management and qualified employees are needed.
How can we assist?
The system designers at Netsol Water will be able to assess, all needs for the client, and select the most efficient, practical, modern and sustainable solid waste management technique, for municipalities, residential areas, commercial areas, as well as industries, which includes composting as well. We can also ensure sustainable methods of solid waste collection and disposal, along with recycle and reuse.
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