What is growth kinetics of bacteria in Activated Sludge Process?
Cell growth entails an increase in mass and physical size that is influenced by physical, biological, and chemical environments.
‘Microbial growth’ is measured by an increase in the cell's macromolecular and chemical constituents, and each microbe's growth pattern is unique. Microbes' cell growth and division are inextricably linked, as bacteria divide via binary fission, yeast cells via budding, and viruses via intracellular division. Because nutrient availability influences mammalian cell growth, a threshold cell size is required for DNA synthesis and mitosis. As a result, each class of organisms has a distinct growth pattern determined by their cell cycle and cell division. Understanding the growth kinetics of various classes of organisms, serves as the foundation for the fermentation process in order to achieve optimal product concentration.
What is Growth Kinetics?
Growth kinetics is an autocatalytic reaction that states that the rate of growth is directly proportional to cell concentration. Direct and indirect methods are used to determine cell concentration.
Direct methods include determining cell mass concentration and density by dry weight, turbidity (optical density), plate counts, and so on. In contrast, indirect methods of measuring cell density involves measuring the concentration of proteins, ATP, or DNA.
Growth-linked organisms
Growing cells produce growth linked products, which are then converted into primary metabolites. The figure below clearly shows that product is formed concurrently with cell growth. That is, product concentration rises as cell concentration rises.
The given equation can be used to describe the formation of growth associated product
dP/dt=rp=qpX
Where, P = concentration of product
qp = specific rate of product formation
X = biomass concentration.
Non-growth related organisms
They are formed by cells that are not metabolically active and are thus referred to as secondary metabolites. The given figure clearly demonstrates that the product formation is unrelated to growth rate and is instead a function of cell concentration. The given equation can be used to describe the formation of Non-growth associated product.
qp=β=constant
Mixed-growth associated organisms
The microorganism's product formation is influenced by both growth and non-growth factors. It occurs during the growth and stationary phases. Product formation in the given Figureis determined by a combination of growth rate and cell concentration.
Eq. can be used to describe the formation of Mixed-growth associated product.
qp=αμ+β
Kinetics of production
Microbial growth kinetics, or the relationship between a microbial population's specific growth rate and the substrate concentration (s), is an indispensable tool in all fields of microbiology, including physiology, genetics, ecology, and biotechnology, and is thus an important part of basic microbiology education.
The Monod kinetic model is given as
μ =μmaxSKs+S
Where,‘μ’ is the specific growth rate (h-1), ‘S’ is substrate concentration (g/L) and ‘KS’ and ‘μmax’ are the Monod constant (g/L) and maximum specific growth rate, (h-1) respectively.
Conclusion
At the end of the lag phase, microorganism growth is well adapted to its current environment. The major active part of the cell growth curve, known as the exponential (log) phase, is used to determine kinetic parameters. The log phase is a period of balanced growth in which all components of a cell grow are at the same rate.
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