Effluent treatment facilities require land for development, money for initial expenses, electricity, and skilled labour for operation and maintenance. Due to these limitations, small-scale operations cannot afford to build their own effluent treatment facilities, so mixed effluent from all operations must be transported to a single location for treatment. It is known as a Common Effluent Treatment Plant or a CETP. Small-scale industrialists established a cooperative society to manage and operate CETP.
But, there are certain guidelines established by the CPCB to efficiently discharge the effluent, produced by CETPs. Let’s have a look on them.
What are the Effluent standards for CETP?
The management of wastewater for the group of small-scale industries is thoroughly investigated, and numerous steps are included to enhance the CETP functionality, as well as the quality of the treated effluent to meet regulatory agency standards.
Performance of the CETP is assessed. Bench scale laboratory treatability experiments are carried out, based on the findings to suggest suitable changes to the CETP, as well as to improve the quality of treated effluent.
Rule S.O. 4(E)
The Central Government now promulgates the following rules, to further alter the Environment (Protection) Rules of 1986, in accordance with the authority granted by Sections 6 and 25 of the Environment (Protection) Act of 1986 (29 of 1986):
Short title and Commencement
(1) The Environment (Protection) Amendment Rules, 2015, may be used to refer to these regulations.
(2) They take effect the day after they are published in the Official Gazette.
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S. No. |
Industry |
Parameter |
Standards |
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(1) |
(2) |
(3) |
(4) |
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“55. |
Common Effluent Treatment Plants (CETP) |
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A. Inlet Quality Standards |
The State Board will establish Inlet Quality Standards for General Parameters, Ammonia-Nitrogen, and Heavy Metals, for each Common Effluent Treatment Plant (CETP) based on the CETP's design and the needs and conditions of the local community. |
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B. Treated Effluent Quality Standards |
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Max. permissible values (in milligram/litre except for pH and Temperature) |
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Into inland surface water |
On land for irrigation |
Into sea |
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General Parameters |
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pH |
6 - 9 |
6 - 9 |
6 - 9 |
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Biological Oxygen Demand, BOD3, 27 o C |
30 |
100 |
100 |
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Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) |
250 |
250 |
250 |
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Total Suspended Solids (TSS) |
100 |
100 |
100 |
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Fixed Dissolved Solids (FDS) |
2100 |
2100 |
NS* |
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Specific parameters |
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Temperature, o C |
Shall not exceed more than 5oC above ambient water temperature |
Shall not exceed more than 5oC above ambient water temperature |
Shall not exceed more than 5oC above ambient water temperature |
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Oil & Grease |
10 |
10 |
10 |
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Ammonical –Nitrogen |
50 |
NS* |
50 |
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Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN) |
50 |
NS* |
50 |
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Nitrate- Nitrogen |
10 |
NS* |
50 |
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Phosphates, as P |
5 |
NS* |
NS* |
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Chlorides |
1000 |
1000 |
NS* |
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Sulphates, as SO4 |
1000 |
1000 |
NS* |
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Fluoride |
2 |
2 |
15 |
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Sulphides, as S |
2 |
2 |
5 |
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Phenolic compounds (as C6H5OH) |
1 |
1 |
5 |
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Total Res. Chlorine |
1 |
1 |
1 |
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Zinc |
5 |
15 |
15 |
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Iron |
3 |
3 |
3 |
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Copper |
3 |
3 |
3 |
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Trivalent Chromium |
2 |
2 |
2 |
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Manganese |
2 |
NS* |
2 |
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Nickel |
3 |
NS* |
3 |
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Arsenic |
0.2 |
NS* |
0.2 |
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Cyanide, as CN |
0.2 |
NS* |
0.2 |
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Vanadium |
0.2 |
NS* |
0.2 |
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Lead |
0.1 |
NS* |
0.1 |
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Hexavalent Chromium |
0.1 |
NS* |
0.1 |
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Selenium |
0.05 |
NS* |
0.05 |
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Cadmium |
0.05 |
NS* |
0.05 |
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Mercury |
0.01 |
NS* |
0.01 |
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Bio-assay test |
As per industry- specific standards |
As per industry- specific standards |
As per industry- specific standards |
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*NS-Not stated Notes: 1. An appropriate marine outfall must be used for the discharge of treated effluent into the sea. It is necessary to transform the current coastal discharges into marine outfalls. The State Board may waive the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) restriction in situations, where the marine outfall delivers a minimum initial dilution of 150 times at the place of discharge. |
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2. As long as the treated effluent's maximum allowable Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) value is 500 milligrams/litre. 3. 2. A Common Effluent Treatment Plant (CETP) constituent unit's maximum permitted Fixed Dissolved Solids (FDS) contribution is 1000 milligrams/liter. The maximum permissible value for Fixed Dissolved Solids (FDS) in treated effluent shall be modified, in accordance by the State Board in cases where the concentration of Fixed Dissolved Solids (FDS) in raw water, used by the constituent units is already high (i.e., it is greater than 1100 milligram/litre). 4. The management of Common Effluent Treatment Plants (CETP) must monitor the effects of treated effluent discharge on soil and groundwater quality, twice a year (pre- and post-monsoon). Regarding combined discharge of treated effluent and sewage on land for irrigation, the State Board shall specify the sewage-to-effluent mixing ratio. |
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Specific parameters for some important sectors, selected from sector-specific standards |
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Sector |
Specific Parameters |
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Textile |
Bio-assay test, Total Chromium, Sulphide, Phenolic compounds |
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Electroplating Industries |
Oil & Grease, Ammonia-Nitrogen, Nickel, Hexavalent Chromium, Total Chromium or TC, Copper or CU, Zinc or Zn, Lead or Pb, Iron or Fe, Cadmium or Cd, Cyanide, Fluorides, Sulphides, Phosphates, Sulphates. |
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Tanneries |
Sulphides, Total Chromium, Oil & Grease, Chlorides |
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Dye & Dye Intermediate |
Oil & Grease, Phenolic compounds, Cadmium, Copper, Manganese, Lead, Mercury, Nickel, Zinc, Hexavalent Chromium, Total Chromium, Bio-assay test, Chlorides, Sulphates, |
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Organic chemicals manufacturing industry |
Oil & Grease, Bio-assay test, Nitrates, Arsenic, Hexavalent Chromium, Total Chromium, Lead, Cyanide, Zinc, Mercury, Copper, Nickel, Phenolic compounds, Sulphides |
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Pharmaceutical industry |
Oil & Grease, Bio-assay test, Mercury, Arsenic, Hexavalent Chromium, Lead, Cyanide, Phenolic compounds, Sulphides, Phosphates. |
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Benefits of a Common Effluent Treatment Plant (CETP)
· CETP can show consistency in the system's ability to forecast the treatment values, which it will acquire in the future.
· When the levels of pollutants in the effluent treated by the plant, satisfy the established discharge criteria more frequently, than when they do at a CETP that frequently exceeds the standards, the CETP is said to be more reliable.
· A threshold value can be set for a given parameter and is highly helpful in predicting, the nature of a CETP in the future.
· The incorporation of chemicals is connected with lower operating costs.
· Continuous microbe planting demonstrates greater control over wastewater quality.
Reliability and CETP characteristics
• Land availability, which is difficult to guarantee by all individual equipment’s, inside the event they choose individual treatment plants.
• The addition of nutrients and the potential for dilution, which makes the complex commercial waste more susceptible to degradation.
• The heterogeneous waste is neutralized and equalised to make the treatment procedure, technologically and economically feasible.
• Professional and educated labour can be made accessible, which is not possible in the case of personal plants, for the operation of CETP.
• There will be better organisation for the disposal of treated wastewater and sludge.
• Lessening of the load on various regulatory agencies to ensure that pollution control standards are met.
Conclusion
The process of gathering, transferring, processing, and disposing of industrial estate effluents, is known as a common effluent treatment plant (CETP). The CETP idea aids in the disposal of effluents from small and medium-sized businesses.
Several company clusters in India have installed and are operating common wastewater treatment plants. They help small-scale business centres that lack the funding for one or more treatment facilities, by lowering effluent treatment costs, increasing collective treatment, and lowering land expenses.
Thus, each industry in an estate would benefit from having a CETP. Therefore, to install the most effective system, it is important to conduct a survey of the quantity and quality of the wastewater produced.
Common Effluent Treatment Plant manufacturers
Netsol Water provides the best water and wastewater treatment in India, thanks to its numerous installations in various sectors. We create a common effluent treatment system that is unique to user’s need. For the greatest technologies and solutions for specialized industries, you can rely on us.
Netsol Water is Greater Noida-based leading water & wastewater treatment plant manufacturer. We are industry's most demanding company based on client review and work quality. We are known as best commercial RO plant manufacturers, industrial RO plant manufacturer, sewage treatment plant manufacturer, Water Softener Plant Manufacturers and effluent treatment plant manufacturers. Apart from this 24x7 customer support is our USP. Call on +91-9650608473, or write us at enquiry@netsolwater.com for any support, inquiry or product-purchase related query.
