What is STP in Hotels?
Sewage, also known as wastewater, is a liquid that comes from homes, institutions, businesses, and industries, as well as groundwater, surface water, and storm water. Many hotels nowadays are not connected to a main sewerage system, thus establishing a sewage treatment plant for your hotel is a must.
Why? Because a sewage treatment plant, also known as a wastewater treatment plant or a water pollution control plant, can remove the majority of pollutants from sewage/wastewater in just a few hours before it is released into the environment or reused. Before it is clean enough to be properly discharged into waterways, sewage or wastewater from hotels goes through a few treatment steps to remove the majority of solid and organic contaminants. The treated water can either be reused for gardening or discarded after treatment.
The primary goal of a hotel's STP is to treat the wastewater influent so that it does not cause human disease. Hotel waste is collected and sent to the treatment facility, where it is treated in many stages using drains and collectors. Effective sewage treatment plants for small, medium, and large hotels and resorts are very tiny and compact, and they use mechanical, chemical, and biological treatments/techniques to reduce pollution (i.e. water pollution).
The following is a flow chart of the traditional treatment method for STP (in hotels):
The following are the basic treatment steps in a sewage treatment plant for hotels:
1-Preliminary Treatment: This is the first step in the waste water treatment process, also known as mechanical/physical treatment, and it must be completed before primary treatment. Solids are removed during this stage via screening, sedimentation, and skimming. Its main goal is to screen coarse materials out of the system. Incoming wastewater, referred to as influent, is filtered by mechanical screens made up of bars that remove rags, twigs, papers, beverage cans, and other similar objects.
A grit chamber is used to remove sand and grit. This treatment also gets rid of a lot of oil and grease. It's crucial for keeping the pumps and other equipment in the treatment process from breaking down.
2-Primary Treatment: This is also known as physical-chemical treatment, and it is performed before biological treatment, which is referred to as secondary treatment. Its goal is to remove organic and inorganic particles using sedimentation and floatation methods. Water that has been partially treated during preliminary treatment is allowed to pass through primary clarifier or sedimentation tanks. The flow of wastewater is decreased during this treatment to stimulate sedimentation, allowing heavier particles to settle at the bottom and a large proportion of floating material, such as grease and oil, to rise to the surface and be skimmed off. The settled material is referred to as primary sludge, and it will be subjected to the sludge digestion process after that. This treatment eliminates roughly 50-60% of the suspended particles in the influent and reduces BOD levels by 30-40%. The cleared water proceeds to the next treatment process.
3-Secondary Treatment: This is a biological treatment method that degrades organic materials using one of the biological aerobic processes known as "Activated Sludge Process." Primary effluent is pumped into aeration tanks and mixed with microorganisms throughout this procedure. As air is injected into aeration tanks, bacteria growth will accelerate, allowing the organic stuff still present in the effluent to be broken down. Aerated wastewater now passes through a secondary clarifier, where larger particles and other solids fall to the bottom as secondary sludge.
Some sludge will be returned to the aeration tank to promote the activated sludge process and remove as many contaminants as feasible. The residual sludge is collected from the tank and combined with the primary sludge in the sludge processing system to be processed further. About 80-90 percent of the organic solids are removed at this stage. When the water has passed through this stage, it enters the final stage.
4. Tertiary Treatment: This is the final stage of a small sewage treatment facility, and it entails physical, chemical, or biological methods to remove any leftover suspended particulates or dissolved solids. Even after primary and secondary treatment, processed wastewater may still contain pathogenic microbes, necessitating disinfection. Disinfection is the process of disinfecting and killing hazardous bacteria in effluent using disinfectants such as chlorine, ozone, UV radiation, or other chemical disinfectants. The use of ozone and ultraviolet disinfection produces cleaner effluent than chlorination, which leaves residual chlorine in the environment. The tertiary treatment, also known as disinfection therapy, is an important phase in the treatment process because it protects human health.
During the holiday seasons, there is a lot of crowd in hotels. A large amount of sewage is generated that requires treatment before discharging into the environment. STP plant is a necessity for hotels, resorts, etc.
For any further details, contact Netsol Water!