Introduction on Process Flow Sheet
The design of process flow sheet involves selection of an appropriate combination of various unit operations/processes to achieve the desired degree of contaminant removal.
The choice of unit operations/processes primarily depend on the characteristics of the sewage and the required level of contaminants permitted in the treated effluents. The process flow sheet is important step in the overall design of wastewater treatment and requires thorough understanding of the treatment units. It needs optimization of wastewater treatment system coupled with stage wise optimal design of individual operation/process to achieve a minimal cost design.
What are the process flow sheets for incorporating Aerated Lagoons?
The main contaminants that need to be removed in domestic sewage are biodegradable organics, Suspended Solids (SS) and pathogens, where first two have been considered as the performance indicators for various treatment units. Basically the objective of the domestic wastewater treatment is to bring down BOD to a level less than 30 mg/L and SS less than 30 mg/L for disposal into inland water bodies.
Steps involved
When wastewater enters into treatment plant incorporating aerated lagoons, it passes through following stages:
Step 1
Raw water is fed into the treatment plant
Step 2
Screen?ing: This treatment separates the floating materials and also the heavy settleable solids. This treatment helps in removing the oils and grease from the sewage as well. Bar screensare used for this which is a set of inclined parallel bars, fixed at a certain distance apart in a channel. These are used for removing larger particles of floating and suspended matter. The operation is used for screening of large floating matter such as floating papers, rags, cloths, etc.
Step 3
Aerated lago?on:It is a type of pond system in which oxygen is provided mehanically through surface aeration for biological oxidation of wastewater. These are one of the processes of aerobic suspended growth. Wastewater in aerated lagoons is treated either on a flow through basis or with recycled solids.The contents of the aerated lagoon are mixed completely. The action of the aerators is used to keep the contents of the basin in suspension. The unit is 3-5m deep and requires less land. Aerated lagoons also have the advantage of ease of operation and maintenance, equalization and a high capacity of heat dissipitation.
Step 4
After treatment the effluent is either returned to ground or reused for irrigation purposes.
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