What is the Primary treatment of Sewage Water?
Primary treatment is a wastewater treatment method that eliminates suspended solids and floating organic material (referred to as scum) in order to lower the suspended solids load for later treatment operations. Because pathogens are not effectively removed during primary treatment, downstream treatment will necessitate additional pathogen removal technologies in order to fulfil the discharge or reuse criteria.
It is not envisaged that settling will eliminate discrete pathogens and indicator organisms during traditional basic treatment. They can, however, be deleted if they are associated to particles.
To safeguard public health, screenings, grit, and sludge will contain high concentrations of pathogens and must be carefully processed and/or disposed of.
Primary Treatment Operations
When sewage enters a treatment facility, it passes through a screen, which eliminates big floating debris like rags and sticks that might clog pipes or harm equipment. After being filtered, sewage is routed through a grit chamber, where cinders, sand, and tiny stones sink to the bottom. A grit chamber is especially useful in areas with combined sewage systems, where sand or gravel may wash into the sewers with storm water. After screening and grit removal, sewage still includes organic and inorganic materials, as well as various suspended particles.
These solids are microscopic particles that may be extracted from sewage using a sedimentation tank. When the flow rate through one of these tanks is lowered, the suspended particles gradually fall to the bottom, forming a mass of solids known as raw primary biosolids (previously sludge). Pumping is typically used to remove biosolids from tanks, after which they are either processed for use as fertilizer, disposed of in a landfill, or burned.
Process flow chart of Primary Sewage Treatment
Primary Treatment
Screening
Grit Chamber
Sedimentation Tank
Sludge and Scum Removal
Parameters of input and output
|
Quality parameters (mg/l, except as otherwise indicated) |
Primary Treatment |
||
|
Raw wastewater |
Primary effluent |
||
|
Biochemical oxygen demand,BOD5 |
112 |
73 |
|
|
Total organic carbon |
63.8 |
40.6 |
|
|
Suspended solids |
185 |
72 |
|
|
Total nitrogen |
43.4 |
34.7 |
|
|
NH3-N |
35.6 |
26.2 |
|
|
NO-N |
0 |
0 |
|
|
Org-N |
7.8 |
8.5 |
|
|
Total phosphorus |
- |
7.5 |
|
|
Ortho-P |
- |
7.5 |
|
|
pH (unit) |
7.7 |
- |
|
|
Electrical conductivity, dS/m |
2.52 |
2.34 |
|
Conclusion
Primary treatment alone has been inadequate to fulfil the needs of many communities for greater water quality throughout the years. To satisfy them, communities and industries often treat to a secondary treatment level, with advanced treatment used in some circumstances, to remove nutrients and other impurities.
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