The properties of wastewater vary substantially between industries. The treatment methods that will be employed to satisfy the compliance discharge criteria will, therefore, be determined by the unique characteristics.
Materials with comparable pollution impacts are grouped into pollutant or characteristic classes. In this blog, we shall learn some of the fundamental ideas behind the physical, chemical and biological constituents of wastewater.
What are the Physical Chemical and Biological parameters of wastewater?
This standard specifies the acceptable and permissible limits. Because, values above those stated under "Acceptable" render the water unfit, it is advised that the acceptable limit be put into practise.
However, such a value might be accepted in the lack of a substitute source. The sources must be disregarded if the value goes over the upper and lower bounds, listed under the "permissible limit in the absence of an alternate source."
General standards for discharge of effluent/wastewater
|
S.No. |
Parameter |
Inland-surface water |
Public Sewers |
Land-for irrigation |
Marine Coastal areas |
|
1. |
Suspended solids mg/l, Max |
100 |
600 |
200 |
(a)For process waste-water: 100
(b)For cooling water: 10% above TSS of influent. |
|
2. |
Particulate size of suspended solids |
Shall pass 850 micron IS Sieve |
- |
- |
(a)Floatable solids, Max: 3 mm.
(b)Settleable solids, Max: 850 microns. |
|
3. |
pH Value |
5.5 to 9.0 |
5.5 to 9.0 |
5.5 to 9.0 |
5.5 to 9.0 |
|
4. |
Temperature |
Should not exceed 5oC, above the receiving temperature |
- |
- |
Should not exceed 5oC, above the receiving temperature |
|
5. |
Oil and grease mg/l Max. |
10 |
20 |
10 |
20 |
|
6 |
Total residual chlorine mg/l (Max) |
1.0 |
- |
- |
1.0 |
|
7. |
Ammonical nitrogen (as N), mg/l (Max) |
50 |
50 |
- |
50
|
|
8. |
Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (as NH3) mg/l, (Max) |
100 |
- |
- |
100 |
|
9. |
Free ammonia (as NH3) mg/l, (Max) |
5.0 |
- |
- |
5.0 |
|
10. |
BOD for 3 days, 27oC, mg/l (max) |
30 |
350 |
100 |
100 |
|
11. |
Chemical Oxygen Demand, mg/l, (max) |
250 |
- |
- |
250 |
|
12. |
Arsenic (as As), mg/l, (max.) |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
|
13. |
Mercury (as Hg), mg/l, (Max) |
0.01 |
0.01 |
- |
0.01 |
|
14. |
Lead (as Pb.) mg/l, (Max) |
0.1 |
1.0 |
- |
2.0 |
|
15. |
Cadmium (0as Cd) mg/l, (Max |
2.0 |
1.0 |
- |
2.0 |
|
16. |
Hexavalent Chromium (as Cr+6), mg/l (max) |
0.1 |
2.0 |
- |
1.0 |
|
17. |
Total chromium (as Cr.) mg/l, (Max) |
2.0 |
2.0 |
- |
2.0 |
|
18. |
Copper (as Cu) mg/l, (Max) |
3.0 |
3.0 |
- |
3.0 |
|
19. |
Zinc (As Zn.) mg/l, (Max) |
5.0 |
15 |
- |
15 |
|
20. |
Selenium (as Se.) mg/l, (Max) |
0.05 |
0.05 |
- |
0.05 |
|
21. |
Nickel (as Ni) mg/l, (Max) |
3.0 |
3.0 |
- |
5.0 |
In some special instances or for large municipal wastewater treatment plants, special parameters are considered.
These parameters include:
• Hard Nitrogen: It is found in minerals (ammonia, nitrate) and organic forms. Its organic or ammonical presence depletes oxygen in the natural environment, causing living conditions to change.
• A ratio such as COD/BOD-5: This ratio identifies the source and origin of organic pollutants. Surface water that hasn't been polluted has a BOD-5 value of 2 to 20 mg/l. Measures beyond those are indicators of water contamination.
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