How is sewage related to wastewater pollution?
Homes, industry, and agriculture produce wastewater that can pollute many lakes and rivers. Wastewater is the name of water that often contains feces, urine, and laundry waste. With billions of people on the planet, wastewater treatment is a high priority. In developing countries, sanitation is a major issue as many people in these areas do not have access to sanitation and clean water. Untreated sewage in such areas can pollute the environment and cause illnesses such as diarrhoea.
In Industrialized countries, wastewater is drained quickly and hygienically from homes through drains. Wastewater is treated in water treatment plants and is often dumped into the sea. Wastewater is primarily biodegradable, most of which decomposes in the environment. In developed countries, sewage often causes problems when people flush chemicals and medicines into the toilet. When people get sick, sewage often carries harmful viruses and bacteria into the environment, causing health problems.
Wastewater is water whose water quality has been compromised by human influence, including liquid waste discharged from home, commercial real estate, industry, and / or agriculture, including various potential pollutants and concentrations. There is a possibility, sewage is the part of thewastewater that is contaminated with faeces and urine but is sometimes called sewage. Wastewater refers to water from sources, including household, municipal, or industrial liquid waste, which is usually disposed of through pipes or sewer systems. Untreated wastewater may contain water.
Nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus); solids (including organics); pathogens (including bacteria, viruses, and protozoa); helminths (parasites such as intestinal parasites and worms); fats and oils; streets, parking lots, spill from the roof, heavy metals (including mercury, cadmium, lead, chromium, and copper) and many toxic chemicals such as PCBs, PAHs, dioxins, furans, pesticides, phenols, and chlorinated organics, all can pollute water.
Itis a hygienic measure to protect humans from the danger of waste to promote health. Examples of waste that can cause health problems are feces, solid waste, domestic wastewater, and industrial waste. Hygienic precautions can be taken by using a septic tank sewer system or by personal hygiene practices such as washing hands with soap.
The effect of Wastewater discharged into rivers and the sea:
It can pose a threat to human health and the environment.
According to GESAMP (2001), pollution of the coastal marine environment by sewage causes a significant number of infectious diseases associated with bathing and swimming in seawater and consumption of fish and crustaceans.
Human exposure to toxins associated with blue-green algae also carries significant risks. Most illnesses are caused by pathogens. Pathogens are biological/infectious pathogens that cause illness. They cause a variety of acute illnesses such as diarrhoea, cholera, dysentery, typhoid fever, and hepatitis A. Pathogens can survive in the ocean for days or weeks. The virus can survive in water, fish, and crustaceans for several months, while the hepatitis virus can survive in the ocean for over a year (GESAMP2001).
Depending on the place of origin and collection method, wastewater may contain many chemicals and hazardous wastes such as industrial chemicals, nutrients such as nitrates and phosphates, heavy metals, pharmaceuticals, medical wastes, fats, and oils. These pose additional risks to human health.
Nutrients are essential chemical elements that organisms need to survive and reproduce. Major nutrients needed in large quantities include carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulphur, magnesium, and calcium, while micronutrients such as iron, copper and zinc are required in small quantities. Excess nutrients flow into the marine environment through sewage from the burning of fossil fuels, agricultural fertilizers and nitrogen oxides.
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