VOC treatment technologies
There are two types of treatment technologies for treating VOCs: destructive and non-destructive.
Destructive treatments include converting VOCs into other compounds using an appropriate process, whereas non-destructive treatments involve physically or chemically separating VOCs from the air to be treated.
How are VOCs treated in industries?
1: Regenerative thermal oxidation (RTO)
It oxidizes VOCs in a combustion chamber using a burner, much like all other oxidative procedures. It is feasible to attain a thermal recovery efficiency of over 95% with these towers, resulting in reduced gas usage to maintain the temperature.
2: Recuperative Thermal Oxidation (RTO)
It is a straightforward process with a cheap initial investment but significant ongoing administration expenses. It is made up of a combustion chamber with a burner and a heat exchanger that warms and cools incoming air.It is feasible to reach a thermal recovery efficiency of around 65 percent with this technology.Because of the increased fuel consumption, this technology has lower investment costs than regenerative technology, but higher administration expenses.
3: Regenerative catalytic oxidation (RCO)
This process is similar to RTO, but the inclusion of a catalyst in the combustion chamber allows it to work at lower temperatures, in the range of 300-350oC. When the autothermal point is achieved, the system has a thermal efficiency of over 98 percent and consumes no gas.
4: GPAO
Itstands for gas phase advanced oxidation and consists of four steps.
-The air to be treated is exposed to a water and ozone absorption. Ozone oxidizes the soluble gas that dissolves in water, converting them to CO2.
- It involves adding ozone to the gases produced in stage 1 and exposing the combination to high-intensity UV light. The ozone is broken down into OH radicals, which react violently with VOCs.
-Stage 3 uses an electrostatic precipitator to remove the particle aerosol produced by the oxidation. The air that results is devoid of VOCs and smells, and it may be discharged into the atmosphere.
- Finally, the leftover ozone is converted to oxygen with catalyst.
5: Biofiltration
A biofilter, in which microorganisms are responsible for decomposing organic matter, can be used in some particular circumstances with low concentrations and uniform in time of biodegradable solvents and soluble in water. Biofiltration, despite its cheap operating costs, has several limitations owing to the microbes' demand for consistent humidity, temperature, and food supply conditions. Hazards to the substrate may be present if these circumstances change abruptly.
What are the Non-destructive treatment technologies for treating VOCs?
1: Activated carbon adsorption
In this process, the air that has to be treated is routed through an activated carbon bed that traps the VOCs. When the activated carbon becomes saturated with VOCs, it loses its adsorbent capability.
2: Physical/chemical absorption
The retention of contaminants in an aqueous solution running in a countercurrent inside washing towers is referred to as physical/chemical absorption. A reagent that reacts with the pollutant and favors its removal can be added to the aqueous treatment solution. The washing towers must be accompanied with a treatment system for the contaminant-absorbent water. When it comes to VOCs, this approach can be used when the materials are water soluble (acetone, alcohols, etc.).
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