Difference between ETP, CETP and STP with process flow diagram
ETP, CETP, and STP are three different types of wastewater treatment systems that are used to treat different types of wastewater. ETP stands for Effluent Treatment Plant, CETP stands for Common Effluent Treatment Plant, and STP stands for Sewage Treatment Plant. In this blog, we will discuss the differences between these three types of treatment plants, along with their process flow diagrams and examples.
ETP (Effluent Treatment Plant):
An ETP is a type of wastewater treatment plant that is used to treat industrial wastewater. The ETP process is designed to remove the harmful contaminants and pollutants from the wastewater before it is discharged into the environment. The ETP process typically consists of the following stages:
- Collection Tank: The wastewater is collected in a tank, where it undergoes primary treatment to remove large solids.
- Equalization Tank: The wastewater is then transferred to an equalization tank, where it is mixed and the flow rate is equalized.
- Chemical Treatment: The wastewater is then treated with chemicals, such as coagulants and flocculants, to remove dissolved and suspended solids.
- Clarification: The wastewater is then passed through a clarifier, where the remaining solids settle to the bottom.
- Filtration: The clarified wastewater is then passed through filters, such as sand or activated carbon filters, to remove any remaining impurities.
- Disinfection: The final stage of the ETP process involves disinfection, where the treated water is disinfected using chemicals, such as chlorine, before it is discharged into the environment.
Example: A textile factory that produces wastewater containing dyes, chemicals, and other pollutants can use an ETP to treat their wastewater before discharging it into a nearby river or stream.
CETP (Common Effluent Treatment Plant):
A CETP is a type of wastewater treatment plant that is used to treat the wastewater from multiple industries located in a particular area. The CETP process is designed to provide a cost-effective and efficient solution for small and medium-sized industries that do not have the resources to build their own individual ETPs. The CETP process typically consists of the following stages:
- Collection Tank: The wastewater is collected in a tank, where it undergoes primary treatment to remove large solids.
- Equalization Tank: The wastewater is then transferred to an equalization tank, where it is mixed and the flow rate is equalized.
- Chemical Treatment: The wastewater is then treated with chemicals, such as coagulants and flocculants, to remove dissolved and suspended solids.
- Clarification: The wastewater is then passed through a clarifier, where the remaining solids settle to the bottom.
- Filtration: The clarified wastewater is then passed through filters, such as sand or activated carbon filters, to remove any remaining impurities.
- Disinfection: The final stage of the CETP process involves disinfection, where the treated water is disinfected using chemicals, such as chlorine, before it is discharged into the environment.
Example: An industrial estate with multiple small and medium-sized industries can use a CETP to treat the wastewater from all the industries in the area before discharging it into a nearby river or stream.
STP (Sewage Treatment Plant):
An STP is a type of wastewater treatment plant that is used to treat domestic wastewater. The STP process is designed to remove the harmful contaminants and pollutants from the wastewater before it is discharged into the environment. The STP process typically consists of the following stages:
- Primary Treatment: The wastewater is collected in a tank, where large solids and organic matter are removed through a process of sedimentation and skimming.
- Secondary Treatment: The wastewater is then transferred to an aeration tank, where air is pumped in to encourage the growth of bacteria and other microorganisms that break down the remaining organic matter.
- Clarification: The wastewater is then passed through a clarifier, where the remaining solids settle to the bottom.
- Filtration: The clarified wastewater is then passed through filters, such as sand or activated carbon filters, to remove any remaining impurities.
- Disinfection: The final stage of the STP process involves disinfection, where the treated water is disinfected using chemicals, such as chlorine, before it is discharged into the environment.
Example: A residential area with a large number of houses can use an STP to treat the domestic wastewater generated by the households before discharging it into a nearby river or stream.
Conclusion:
In summary, ETP, CETP, and STP are three different types of wastewater treatment plants that are used to treat different types of waste water. An ETP is used to treat industrial wastewater, a CETP is used to treat the wastewater from multiple industries located in a particular area, and an STP is used to treat domestic wastewater. Each type of plant has its own process flow diagram and stages, but all involve collecting, treating, clarifying, filtering, disinfecting, and ultimately discharging the treated water into the environment.
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