Design of an ETP Plant based on physicochemical technology

Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP) is an essential unit in many industrial operations to treat wastewater before discharging it into the environment. One of the most commonly used technologies in ETP design is physicochemical treatment.

In this blog, we will discuss the design of an Effluent Treatment Plant based on physicochemical technology in detail, including the functions of each equipment.

Process Overview:

The physicochemical treatment process typically involves three main stages: pretreatment, primary treatment, and secondary treatment. The pretreatment stage involves the removal of coarse solids, oil, and grease using mechanical screens, oil skimmers, and gravity separators. Primary treatment involves the removal of suspended solids and colloidal matter through chemical coagulation, flocculation, and sedimentation. Finally, secondary treatment involves the removal of dissolved contaminants through chemical oxidation, adsorption, and ion exchange. The effluent is then discharged after meeting the required environmental standards.

Equipment Functions:

1. Mechanical Screen: It is the first equipment in the ETP process that removes large particles, such as plastics, stones, and metal pieces, from the wastewater. The screen consists of a rotating drum or belt with small openings that allow the water to pass through, but larger particles are trapped and removed.
2. Oil Skimmer: This equipment is used to remove oil and grease from the wastewater. It works on the principle of oil-water separation using the difference in their densities. The oil skimmer removes oil from the surface of the wastewater using a belt or a drum and then separates it from the water.
3. Gravity Separator: It is used to remove heavy solids and sediment from the wastewater. The wastewater is allowed to settle in a tank, and the solids settle at the bottom due to gravity. The clarified water is then discharged to the next stage.
4. Chemical Dosing System: This equipment is used to add chemicals to the wastewater to facilitate the removal of suspended solids and colloidal matter. The dosing system consists of a storage tank, dosing pump, and mixers. The chemicals are mixed with the wastewater to form flocs, which settle down in the sedimentation tank.
5. Sedimentation Tank: It is used to remove the suspended solids and flocs from the wastewater. The wastewater is allowed to settle in the tank, and the settled solids are removed using a sludge pump. The clarified water is then discharged to the next stage.
6. Chemical Oxidation Tank: This equipment is used to remove the dissolved contaminants from the wastewater, such as organic compounds and toxic substances. The wastewater is treated with chemicals such as hydrogen peroxide or ozone to break down the contaminants into harmless byproducts.
7. Adsorption Column: It is used to remove the remaining dissolved contaminants from the wastewater. The column is filled with activated carbon, which adsorbs the dissolved contaminants from the water. The treated water is then discharged after passing through the activated carbon bed.
8. Ion Exchange System: This equipment is used to remove specific ions from the wastewater, such as heavy metals and salts. The ion exchange resin selectively removes the ions from the wastewater, and the treated water is then discharged after passing through the ion exchange bed.

Conclusion:

The design of an Effluent Treatment Plant based on physicochemical technology involves various stages and equipment. Each equipment performs a specific function in removing the contaminants from the wastewater. A well-designed ETP can effectively treat the wastewater and meet the required environmental standards.

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