Difference between constructed wetlands and wastewater lagoons
Lagoons and wetlands, which swap out the mechanical complexity and compactness of activated sludge for simplicity and a broad land area, can compensate for many of the treatment aims of activated sludge.
In particular, a distinct solids settler, solids recycling, and independently managed solids wasting are not used in lagoons and wetlands. Let’s understand the difference between the constructed wetlands and wastewater lagoons.
What are constructed wetlands?
A constructed wetland (CW) is a wetland that has been created by humans, and is utilized for the treatment of sewage, greywater, stormwater runoff, and industrial wastewater. Additionally, it might be employed to restore land after mining or as a technique to make up for natural areas, lost to development.
Constructed wetlands are artificial ecosystems that filter wastewater, using natural processes including plants, soil, and wildlife. Depending on the kind of wastewater to be treated, the artificial wetland's design must be changed. Constructed wetlands have been employed in centralized and decentralized wastewater systems. The first treatment is advised when there are a lot of suspended particles, or soluble organic materials measured as BOD and COD.
Types of flow in constructed wetlands
The two primary types of artificial wetlands are those, produced by subsurface flow and surface flow. The presence of cultivated plants facilitates the removal of contaminants. Equally important is the filter bed, which is typically composed of sand and gravel.
Uses of constructed wetlands
Constructed wetlands can be used to treat industrial, agricultural, stormwater, and raw sewage effluent. By imitating the functions of natural wetlands, constructed wetlands absorb runoff, reduce nutrient loads, and provide a variety of wildlife habitats.
What are wastewater lagoons?
Lagoons have many similar features, although, they can have very different physical structures. Small systems often include a single lagoon that receives consistent aeration and mixing.
Large systems are frequently configured with two or more cells in series, giving the system a plug-flow characteristic. The degree of aeration in such staged systems frequently peaks in the first cell, and decreases in succeeding cells. The variation in cell size is common and may be an indication of site geometry quirks.
The majority of aerated lagoons are small, shallow clay basins. Typically, side slopes are 3:1 (vertical horizontal). To stop groundwater penetration from the lagoon, the basins should be coated with clay or geosynthetic membranes.
Feature of wastewater lagoons
The effluent from aerated lagoons contains significant amounts of active biomass and inert biomass, in addition to residual substrate. As a result, the effluent suspended particles, BOD, and COD can be significantly increased over what is typically achieved with activated sludge.
Because, endogenous respiration auto-oxidizes a large portion of the active biomass, using very lengthy detention times limits the effects. This partially lowers the impact on effluent suspended particles and COD, and greatly reduces the impact on effluent BOD.
Conclusion
Lagoons have a long history of treating wastewater from industries that can dedicate significant land areas, to waste management as well as wastewater from tiny, rural populations.
Wetlands are significant choices for wastewater treatment when suitable land is available, despite having a shorter history.
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