What are the Design and operational aspects of CETP?
Cleaner manufacturing methods and waste reduction are being promoted in India in order to reduce environmental pollution caused by small and medium-scale industries. To address the limits associated with effluent treatment in small to medium firms, collective treatment at a centralized facility, known as the CETP, is seen as a viable treatment alternative.
The design and operational parameters have been investigated, as have the quantitative and qualitative elements of effluent treatment, needed by CETPs.
Design and Operational Aspects of CETPs
The follow?ing are some major criteria that impact the design of CETP in industrial areas:
• The type of industries that discharge wastewater.
• Effluent discharge characteristics.
• Fluctuations in effluent emissions, both qualitative and quantitative.
• Individual industries' pre-treatment.
• Effluent collection/transportation system.
• Disposal site for purified wastewater.
A CETP may accept wastewater with varying properties
As a result, the separation of effluent with characteristics such as high TDS or high COD is critical, in deciding the treatment procedure. Depending on the quantity and quality of effluent, many treatment methods exist, which may include:
• Preliminary Treatment: This involves a variety of unit operations that remove unwanted effluent properties. These include the use of screens and grit chambers to remove sand and big particles, communitors and grinders to remove coarse materials, and pre-aeration to minimize odours.
• Primary treatment: It entails equalization for effluents with varied volumes and flow quality. Neutralization can be used on both acidic and alkaline effluents. Sedimentation is a technique for separating suspended particles.
• Secondary treatment: In this phase, wastewater is purified predominantly by microbial activity. There are several techniques available, however the most commonly employed are anaerobic or aerobic treatment approaches.
• Tertiary treatment: This process involves the removal of several contaminants, through the use of sand filters, activated carbon filters, micro filtration, ultra-filtration, nanofiltration, reverse osmosis (RO), ion exchange, evaporation, UV filtration, and other techniques.
• Sludge management: It involves the management of various forms of sludge, formed during the effluent treatment process. Raw sludge, primary sludge, activated sludge, tertiary sludge, and digested sludge are among them. Filter presses, centrifuges, decanters, sludge drying beds, and other technologies are used.
Operational factors to obtain required concentration and compliance percentage
The minimum limits for treated effluent discharge from a CETP outlet, to a receiving water body are determined by the type of member industry, and the receiving water body. The pollutant discharge criteria for the point are 100 mg/L of BOD, 250 mg/L of COD, 100 mg/L of TSS, and 20 mg/L of O&G, etc.
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