The textile sector is the world's second-largest polluter of water, accounting for 20% of global wastewater production. Water is utilized extensively in the production of clothing and home items, and the accompanying effluent is harmful to the environment. It affects the environment, animals, human food hygiene, and soil/groundwater contamination.
Let’s have a look at CPCB guidelines for textile industry effluent treatment plants.
Characterization of water pollution from textile Industry
Suspended and dissolved solids, biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), TDS & TSS, oil & grease, residual chlorine, hazardous metals, sulfur, chemicals, odour, and color, are all present in significant concentrations in textile wastewater discharge.
What are the CPCB Guidelines for textile industry ETP Plants?
TREATED EFFLUENTS (Maximum concentration values in mg/l except for pH, colour, and SAR)
· pH = 6.5 to 8.5
· Suspended Solids = 100
· Colour, P.C.U (Platinum Cobalt Units) = 150
· Bio-Chemical Oxygen Demand [3 days at 27oC] = 30
· Oil and Grease = 10
· Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) = 250
· Total Chromium as (Cr) = 2.0
· Sulphide (as S) = 2.0
· Phenolic Compounds = 1.0
· Total Dissolved Solids, Inorganic (TDS) = 2100**
· Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR) = 26**
· Ammonical Nitrogen (as N) = 50
NOTES:
1. * Depending on the quality of the recipient system, the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), or State Pollution Control Boards / Pollution Control Committees (SPCBs / PCCs), may set stricter rules for direct discharge into rivers and lakes.
2. ** TDS and SAR standards shall not apply in the case of marine disposal via suitable marine outfall.
3. To reduce freshwater use, treated effluent should only be discharged into the environment, when all opportunities for reuse in industrial processes or irrigation have been exhausted.
4. Any textile unit connected to the Common Effluent Treatment Plant (CETP), must meet the inlet and treated effluent quality criteria, stipulated in serial number 55 of Schedule-I to the Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986, and is jointly and severally liable for compliance.
5. The values listed above must be met by freestanding Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), under the MSME Development Act of 2006.
6. The values indicated above must be met by standalone large scale units; however, CPCB or SPCBs / PCCs with CPCB approval, may mandate Zero Liquid Discharge in large scale units in environmentally sensitive / important areas.
7. TDS in treated effluent shall be 2100 milligrams per litre; however, if TDS in intake water exceeds 1100 milligrams per litre, a maximum contribution of up to 1000 milligrams per litre shall be permitted, provided the maximum value of 3100 milligrams per litre is not exceeded in the treated effluent.
Conclusion
The impact of the textile industry on global water can be disastrous, but there are techniques to limit its environmental impact. Several significant corporations are attempting to lessen the environmental impact.
How can we assist?
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