The iron and steel sector is frequently seen as one of the primary drivers, driving a country's economic and technological advancement. Steel consumption is increasing throughout industries, and so is water consumption.
Unfortunately, steel production is also related to widespread pollution. Water is employed in many operations, including cooling, descaling, and dust cleansing. However, relatively less water is actually used, with the majority being reused or released. Fresh water is typically utilized for processing and cooling, although, seawater is typically used in once-through cooling systems following pretreatment.
Following the discharge of effluent from the steel manufacturing industries, there are certain guidelines formulated by CPCB for steel industry effluent treatment plants.
Processes in the manufacturing of steel
Examples of iron and steel production processes are: -
Coke making, sintering, briquetting, iron making (including direct-reduced iron making), steelmaking, vacuum degassing, ladle metallurgy, casting, hot shaping, forging, and finishing.
Water Consumption in the Iron and Steel Industry
The water requirements of steel mills vary widely, due primarily to the quantity and quality of the available supply. In one situation where recirculation is widely employed, the use of as low as 1500 gal of water per ton of material has received a lot of attention, partly due to a paucity of supply.
A number of 65,000 gal per ton of goods has also been widely quoted, and it has shown to be accurate in certain locations with nearly endless water supply. Many major facilities have utilized 30,000-40,000 gal of water per ton of product; this is true water use. The amount of water extracted but not returned is most likely less than 1000 gal per ton of output.
What are the CPCB Guidelines for steel industry ETP Plants?
Hazardous substances included in typical steel industry waste streams include the complex organic molecules, benzene toluene xylene (BTX), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), cyanide, thiocyanate, phenols, ammonia, and cresols. These compounds cause difficulties in treatment.
Many different technologies may be used during the treatment stages. Physical separation methods such as gravity settling, screening, and oil removal are commonly used in the early stages, although, membrane technology is now a viable choice. Coagulation-flocculation is then commonly used. Then, advanced oxidation processes (APOs) are widely used for disinfection as well as TDS reduction (TDS). Examples include UV photolysis, hydrogen peroxide oxidation, photo-oxidation, Fenton's electrochemical oxidation, and ozonation.
CPCB Guidelines for effluent treatment plants of steel manufacturing industries
S. No. |
Parameters |
Standards |
1. |
pH |
6.0-8.50 |
2. |
TSS |
100 |
3. |
BOD |
30 |
4. |
COD |
250 |
5. |
O&G |
10 |
6. |
Ammonical Nitrogen as N |
50 |
7. |
Cyanide as CN |
0.2 |
8. |
Phenol |
1.0 |
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