What is the process of ETP plant in Dairy Industry?
Organic elements in wastewater from a dairy are particularly putrescible. This needs the treatment of wastewater as soon as possible before it is discharged into the environment. Almost all of the organic components of dairy waste degrade quickly. As a result, the wastewater can be treated biologically, either aerobically or anaerobically.
Effluent treatment in industries to meet the CPCB's discharge requirements has always been a major issue for business owners. Every industry's effluent treatment plant must treat effluent for this purpose in their own industry. Industries must meet the effluent discharge standard requirements before discharging treated wastewater onto land or into any surface water body.
Effluent Treatment Plants are important in the treatment of industrial wastewater. In the wastewater treatment process of an ETP, organic matter, inorganic matter, heavy metals, oil & grease, suspended particles, and other impurities are treated. The various types of wastewater treatment plants include chemical treatment, biological treatment, a mix of chemical and biological treatment, and heat treatment.
Flow chart of the Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP) process in the dairy industry
Skimming Tank
↓
Equalization tank
↓
Aeration Tank
↓
Controlling pH
↓
Settling Tank
↓
Chemical Coagulation
↓
Sedimentation & Separation of Sludge
↓
Sludge Thickener
↓
Filtration
↓
Discharge to Drain
· Skimming Tank- A skimming tank is a chamber in which floating debris such as oil, fat, and grease rise to the surface of wastewater (sewage) and remain there until removed, while the liquid flows out constantly through partitions or baffles.
· Equalization - The objective of the equalization tank is to balance the raw effluent from different processing units. The wastewater is collected in a mixed effluent tank and sent to an aeration tank that also serves as an equalization tank. The effluent is homogenized in the floating aerator before being pumped to the neutralization tank for treatment.
· Controlling pH Value - According to the Bureau of Indian Standards, effluent pH should be between 5.5 and 9.0. To change the pH of wastewater, pH neutralization is utilized. Acidic waste (low pH): Bases are used to change the pH of a solution. Acids are used to change the pH of a solution in the event of alkali waste (high pH).
· Coagulation - Coagulation is a process that involves mixing untreated water with liquid aluminium sulphate. After mixing, small dirt particles cling together as a result of this. This assemblage of particles combine to form larger, heavier particles that are easily removed via settling and filtration.
· Sedimentation - In this process, water moves slowly, causing the heavy particles to settle to the bottom. The particles that collect at the bottom of a container are referred to as sludge.
· Filtration - Filtration is the technique of removing particles from wastewater by passing it through a filter. The filters are built up of layers of sand and gravel. Cleaning these filters on a regular basis necessitates backwashing.
· Sludge Drying - Sedimentation is the process of collecting and settling materials before transporting them to drying beds. Sludge charge should be halted when the sludge thickness reaches roughly 300 mm, and the bed should be segregated to allow natural evaporation to dry it out.
Effluent Parameters |
Influent mg/L |
Effluent, mg/L |
Relative Strength Ratio
|
|
|||
5 – day BOD |
6,500 |
220 |
30 : 1 |
Chemical Oxygen Demand |
32,000 |
500 |
65 : 1 |
Total Suspended Solids |
13,000 |
220 |
60 : 1 |
Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen |
600 |
40 |
15 : 1 |
Ammonia Nitrogen |
100 |
25 |
4 : 1 |
Total Phosphorus |
210 |
8 |
25 : 1 |
Oil and Grease |
5,500 |
100 |
55 : 1 |
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