Membranes are barriers used in water treatment that let water pass through, while keeping out undesirable contaminants. Similar to how cell walls in human bodies filter out salts, contaminants, viruses, and other particles from water, technical membranes do the same.
In the 1960s, membranes were used for the first time in water treatment processes. According to the size of the membrane's pores, membranes used in water filters are categorized as microfiltration membranes (MF), ultrafiltration membranes (UF), nanofiltration membranes (NF), and reverse osmosis membranes (RO).
Which membrane types are employed in commercial RO plants?
A membrane process is any technique that filters or removes particles, from water using a membrane barrier. Fluid travels through the membrane as a result of the pressure difference between its two sides. Only one side of a surface is contaminated.
Although, a wide variety of filtering media, including clay, silt, and sand, are used to clean water, one feature that sets membranes apart is their ability to remove minute components from a liquid, such as salts and ions.
What are commercial RO Plant membranes made of?
Different membranes are required for different operations; in general, they act as a sieve or molecularly separate water from contaminants.
1: Membranes made of cellulose acetate
These CAs have asymmetric membranes. Membranes for CAs are produced using acetylated cellulose. Compared to other RO membranes now on the market, these membranes provide a number of benefits.
They are quite well mechanically and easily constructed. They are also not severely damaged by chlorine. More than other membranes, like those made of aromatic polyamides, CA membranes can withstand up to 5 ppm of free chlorine.
2: Membranes made of thin film composite
Cellulose acetate membranes were the most often used option for RO membranes, up to the development of thin film composite (TFC) RO membranes in 1972. Based on aromatic polyamides, TFC membrane fluxes and rejections fared better than CA.
Besides having a high rejection and flux rate, these membranes provide a number of advantages over CA membranes. For instance, some organics with low molecular weight may be rejected. They are also more stable than CA over a wider pH range and at greater temperatures.
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