Basics of Alum (Aluminium Sulphate)
Aluminium sulphate, or Alum {Al2 (SO4)3}, is the coagulant of choice for many industrial and wastewater treatment applications due to its high efficiency, efficacy in clarifying, and utility as a sludge dewatering agent. The chemical has no aftertaste and is very excellent in removing turbidity.
The significance of Iron-Free Alum in wastewater treatment
Iron-free aluminium sulphate is the most prevalent form of alum used in municipal drinking water and wastewater treatment systems. In potable water applications, alum is a good first coagulant. It quickly hydrolyzes to form insoluble precipitates, which aid in the removal of microscopic particles that are difficult to filter and/or are too small to filter.
What are the Use and Application of Alum in WWT systems?
In water supply, aluminium sulphate, or alum, is used as a flocculant. It has been employed for this purpose since ancient times, and it is now commonplace in traditional water and wastewater treatment processes all around the world, along with filtration.
Aluminium sulphate is a versatile chemical that is employed in both municipal and industrial settings. Ithas a variety of applications:
1: Inks, food, metals, and greasy wastes are just a few examples.
2: Excess nutrients, such as phosphates, that lead to algal growth are removed from lakes and ponds.
3: Waste from the paper and pulp industries(charge neutralization and pitch control).
4: Dewatering of sludge.
5: Treatment of Drinking Water.
6: Treatment of sewage (clarification and phosphorus removal).
7: Dyeing (fixing dyes to fabrics and textiles, without altering the colour of the dye).
8: Production of synthetic catalysts.
9: Poultry houses as an ammonia control litter amendment.
Alum eliminates the following from raw water by charge neutralization and flocculation-
1: Turbidity.
2: Suspended solids.
3: Organic carbon in its whole form (TOC).
4: Oxygen demand (BOD) or biochemical oxygen demand.
Aluminum sulphate readily hydrolyzes to generate insoluble precipitates, which aid in the removal of microscopic particles that are difficult to filter and/or too small to settle by gravity in a reasonable amount of time.
What is Alum Dosing?
Aluminium sulphate is usually given as a liquid solution with a concentration of 5-47 percent by weight. To enable for fast mixing of the alum with the receiving water, it is frequently delivered via dosing pumps into an area with strong water turbulence. Pumping the alum solution into extra dilution water when dosing strong solutions is usual technique to aid good mixing and rapid coagulation.
Why is alum dosed in a wastewater treatment system?
Because of its inexpensive cost and widespread availability, alum is usually the first coagulant of choice. Pre-treatment with lime, soda ash, or caustic soda is usually required for colorful, low turbidity, low pH/alkalinity surface waters to guarantee that the optimum coagulation (dosed-water) pH is attained.
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