What is renewable energy?
Renewable energy is energy that comes from sources that replenish themselves. The sun, wind, and water are the most common renewable energy sources. These sources are used to generate electricity in renewable energy systems.
System of Solar Energy
Photovoltaics are commonly used to capture solar energy from the sun. Photovoltaics is a solar energy technique that converts solar radiation into electricity using the unique features of semiconductors. Photovoltaics is a "green" technology that produces energy without polluting the environment and conserves non-renewable energy sources. When exposed to light, photovoltaic (PV) systems use silicon wafers called "cells" that are light-sensitive and produce a modest direct current. PV cells provide a huge amount of electricity when they are grouped into large systems (arrays).
PV-generated electricity is used to complement electricity generated by other technologies. PV systems are becoming more appealing as concerns about the combustion of fossil fuels and a demand for renewable, clean energy grows.
PV systems are adaptable and can be used in a variety of applications. PV system components are easy to expand for additional capacity due to their modular design. PV systems can be employed in practically any application where electricity is required and sunlight is plentiful. A battery storage system is usually included in most PV systems.
Systems for Wind Energy
Mechanically moving wind turbines capture wind energy. A wind turbine is a power generation device that converts wind kinetic energy into mechanical energy, which is then utilised to spin a generator that generates electricity.
Wind turbines can be used to generate electricity where there are no utility lines, or they can be connected to the grid to supplement grid power. The output of a wind turbine can range from a few kilowatts (kW) to several megawatts (MW). Mechanically moving wind turbines capture wind energy.
Efficiency of Residential Wind Turbine Systems
Wind turbines are typically employed in areas where sunshine is in short supply. The major issue with modest home wind turbines, however, is their efficiency.
A typical stand-alone wind turbine goes through a lot of changes. There is some energy loss as a result of these energy conversions. Friction in the turbine generator, heat losses, and losses owing to chemical impurities in the wet cell batteries, as well as the AC to DC and DC to AC conversions, all contribute to energy losses. The electronic parts of the converters also experience conversion losses.
Water Energy (Hydroelectric) Systems
Hydroelectric power facilities are commonly used to harness energy from the movement of water. An electricity-generating plant that employs falling or running water to mechanically rotate turbines and transform the kinetic energy of the water into electricity is known as a hydroelectric power plant.
The mechanical energy from the turbines is subsequently converted into electrical energy by the generators of hydroelectric plants. Hydroelectric power plants are mostly placed in dams, however some minor plants are constructed in fast-moving rivers and streams.
Plants for Hydroelectric Power
A dam, a turbine, a generator, and transmission lines are the four main components of a hydroelectric power plant. The dam creates falling water by raising the water level of a body of water, such as a river. The turbine is rotated by the force of falling water against the turbine blades, which turns the kinetic energy of the water into mechanical energy. The turbine is connected to the generator, which causes it to rotate and convert mechanical energy from the turbine into electric energy. Electricity is transported from the hydroelectric power plant to the electrical grid via transmission lines.
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