According to the statutory guidelines set forth by the CPCB, a variety of infrastructures, including apartments, commercial construction projects, educational institutions, towns, and area development projects, which meet specific requirements, are required to install STPs, for the treatment of the sewage they generate.
To ensure the efficient and secure operation of the machinery, the guideline regulations encompass factors regarding the location of STPs, the STP technology to adopt, its functioning, as well as its maintenance.
STP guidelines by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB)
The CPCB has the following guidelines for STPs:
· The technology of STP
The approved STP technologies to go with are-
A. Activated Sludge Process(ASP) (only when above 500 KLD sewage is generated)
B. Membrane Bio Reactor(MBR)
C. Moving Bed Bio Reactor(MBBR)
· STP Unit Requirements
Diverse separate units of STPs carry out various sewage treatment procedures. The units and their requirements in accordance, with the guidelines are as follows:
Unit |
Sequential Batch Reactor(SBR) |
Moving Bed Bio Reactor(MBBR) |
Activated Sludge Process(ASP) |
Membrane Bio Reactor(MBR) |
Equalization Tank |
Should have a minimum holding period of 8 |
Should have a minimum holding period of
8 |
Should have a minimum holding period of 8 |
Should have a minimum holding period of 8 |
Aeration Tank |
Dissolved Oxygen in an excess of 4 mg/L has to be maintained. |
Dissolved Oxygen in an excess of 4 mg/L has to be maintained. |
Dissolved Oxygen in an excess of 4 mg/L has to be maintained. |
Dissolved Oxygen in an excess of 4 mg/L has to be maintained. |
Membrane Tank |
Not needed |
Not needed |
Not needed |
Membranes should be replaced regularly as per its manufacturer’s specifications |
Anoxic Tank |
Not needed |
Not needed |
Return activated sludge should be pumped to anoxic tank for denitrification. |
Return activated sludge should be pumped to anoxic tank for denitrification. |
Sludge Holding Tank |
Not needed |
Not needed |
Sludge holding should be mandatorily provided, for holding excess sludge, before its dewatering. |
Not needed |
Final Treated Water Holding Tank |
Capacity of the tank should be enough, to hold water for 2 days minimum. |
Capacity of the tank should be enough, to hold water for 2 days minimum. |
Capacity of the tank should be enough, to hold water for 2 days minimum. |
Capacity of the tank should be enough, to hold water for 2 days minimum. |
Sludge Drying Bed |
Instead of sludge drying bed, horizontal centrifuge system should be used for >500KLD STPs. |
Instead of sludge drying bed, horizontal centrifuge system should be used for >500KLD STPs. |
Instead of sludge drying bed, horizontal centrifuge system should be used for >500KLD STPs. |
Instead of sludge drying bed, horizontal centrifuge system should be used for >500KLD STPs. |
· Required mechanical equipment for STP
The Bar Screen Chamber and Oil & Grease Chamber of STPs should be installed, with clear and simple access. Additionally, whenever maintenance is necessary, the equipment should be of the submersible variety, with a quick removal/dismantling option.
To lessen noise pollution, STP air blowers should have vibration mounts and acoustic enclosures.
· STP's location
To avoid upsetting the residents, STP should be placed distant from residential housing, under driveways, playgrounds, or clubhouses.
Additionally, no building's basement should have STP installed. To eliminate complications that may occur due to rain flooding, smell, or sound, access to the STP room should be made from the ground level or upper basement, by well-designed walkways or headroom rather than the lowest basement.
· STP's caution board
At the STP locations, appropriate warning signs must be posted, and safety procedures must be followed.
For the benefit of maintenance staff and the general public, "Danger" Sign Boards ought to be put in place at the STP area. At the taps dispensing sewage water, "water not appropriate for drinking" should also be indicated.
· Using treated waste
The flushing of toilets, which should have a dual plumbing system, must always use treated water.
· STP modular operations
The idea behind the modular operation of STPs is that the STP should be designed or built in smaller units, so that it can be utilized according to the load or occupancy of people. In major projects where a greater number of STPs are needed, the occupancy can't initially match the STP's operational requirements.
Thus, the element ought to be taken into account during the design process.
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