Water scarcity is a global issue, not just in India!
It serves as a wake-up call for India.
Desalination has been promoted as a solution to the crisis by scientists and Government agencies. Since then, the NITI Aayog (National Institution for Transforming India) has announced plans to build desalination plants along India's coastline.
Is Desalination a key to India Water future?
Desalination, the process of converting seawater into drinking water, is being considered as a long-term solution to the drought-like situation that exists throughout India or the world, particularly during the summer season in India.
Desalination is the process of removing salts and minerals from seawater in order to meet the domestic needs. Reverse osmosis is the most common type of membrane separation used for desalination. Water is forced through a series of microscopic sieves rolled up into larger cylindrical filters. The time-consuming process separates pure water from salt molecules and impurities.
The ‘Minjur desalination plant in Chennai’ is the largest in India, with a capacity of 100,000m3/day (100 MLD). Reverse osmosis (RO) technology is used to produce potable water for Chennai's estimated population of 500,000. It has been in operation since 2010. Government intends to build more desalination plants of varying sizes across the country.
The Jal Shakti Ministry, which reports to the NITI Aayog, is in charge of putting these plants in place. A steady supply of high-quality drinking water will be ensured by the new and improved plants. The Government intends to use it to provide water to BSF personnels in remote areas.
Desalination in International Countries
Desalination has already been successfully implemented in countries such as Israel, the UAE, the United States, and Singapore. There are approximately 18,000 desalination plants worldwide, and they are emerging as a fail-safe solution to the world's water crisis. These countries do not have an abundance of water resources, so desalination is the most profitable solution in their situation.
India, on the other hand, has one of Asia's most extensive river systems. However, due to a faulty waste disposal system, these rivers have become unfit for domestic use. A decision to divert waste from rivers may produce more potable water.
Advantages
1. Sea water reverse osmosis systems remove dissolved salts and other minerals from sea water and convert it to drinking water, providing a solution for areas with limited fresh water resources as well as a reliable alternative source of water during severe droughts.
2. Desalination plants also contribute to the production of water that can be used for irrigation, which is beneficial in arid regions or in many areas around the world that are experiencing droughts.
3. Desalination plants are usually located away from residential areas, so they do not endanger residents.
Conclusion
It is still debatable whether desalination is truly the solution to India's problem. It will be interesting to see how the NITI Aayog implements its desalination plants. However, based on the success rate of these plants in countries where they have been implemented, it is unquestionably a solution worth investigating.
While long-term desalination projects may not be the best way forward, they can certainly serve as an effective interim solution while we lay the groundwork for more sustainable solutions such as groundwater recharge and river clean-ups. Conservation and recycling programs are typically much less costly and risky.
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