What is the benefit of Electrocoagulation in ETP?
Here are a few examples of industries that are benefiting from electrocoagulation (EC) systems as part of their effluent treatment plants.
A: Paper and pulp
A surprising amount of water is used in the production of pulp and paper. Water is required at nearly every stage of the manufacturing process. Finally, when the pulp is loaded into the paper machine, all of the water is squeezed out in two stages before being dried.
Significant amounts of sludge and wastewater are produced during the pulp and paper manufacturing processes. These wastes may contain a variety of solids, chlorinated organic compounds, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), bacteria, and other contaminants. Many mills want to reuse their wastewater in order to save money on purchasing fresh water. Paper processing accounts for more than 3/4 of the wastewater generated and treated in the effluent treatment plant.
B: Textiles
Water is used unnecessarily in the dying of textiles as well as in the washing of raw materials. Wool and cotton fabrics require more water to produce than polyester or nylon fabrics.
This industry's wastewater contains constituents such as BOD, COD, TSS, organics, color, and total dissolved solids (TDS). These are some contaminants that would be difficult to treat in a traditional effluent treatment plant. The treatment solution reduces the costs of acquiring fresh water as well as the costs of discharge due to lower sludge volumes.
C: Pigment and paint
Water is used extensively in the paint and pigment industry during production, both as wash water and in product formulation. The majority of the wastewater produced is from the cleaning of various machines, tanks, and mixers.
BOD, COD, suspended solids, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), other toxic compounds, and color are common contaminants in this industry's wastewater. Before entering the electrocoagulation reactor and then secondary clarification, the wastewater is prescreened. Finally, excess color and other colloidal solid particulates can be removed using a microfiltration unit.
This specialized effluent treatment plant's treated water is able to be reused in washing processes as well as cooling tower water makeup. Thanks to this reuse process, there can be reductions in discharge costs as well as expenditures on freshwater usage.
D: Food and beverage manufacturing
Water is used in many steps of the food and beverage manufacturing process, including boiling, cooling, ingredients, equipment cleaning, and storage. Water is thought to be used more than any other ingredient in the food and beverage industry. TSS, BOD, COD, fats, oils, grease, ammonia, phosphorus, nitrogen, and pathogens can all be found in wastewater produced by this industry.
To treat these contaminants, the wastewater entering this retrofitted effluent treatment plant is prescreened before being routed to the electrocoagulation system, which is then followed by a dissolved air flotation system to remove coagulated solids. This treated water is also polished for reuse in a tertiary treatment step.
Because of the high concentration of fats, oils, and grease in this application, these constituents are extracted in a sludge process and are used to generate energy. A portion of the treated water can be reused for non-potable processes.
Conclusion
Electrocoagulation is versatile enough to be used in a variety of industries and municipalities. In most cases, once treated, wastewater from the effluent treatment plant can be reused in the process, either in the same or a different process on site. Certain separated sludge solid constituents can potentially be reused for energy production in cases such as the fish processing application.
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