Applications of activated carbon in the treatment of wastewater
The numerous small holes and high surface area dispersed on the surface, of activated carbon are advantageous for its adsorption and detoxifying processes. Generally speaking, it can be split into four forms based on appearance: activated carbon fibre, compressed activated carbon, granular activated carbon, and powder activated carbon.
Both the price and the demand for activated carbon in the treatment of water and wastewater are very high. As a result, in wastewater treatment facilities, activated carbon removes trace contaminants from wastewater to accomplish deep purification.
Let's see the applications of activated carbon used in the treatment of wastewater.
1. Chromium-containing wastewater treatment using activated carbon
Chromium is a common metal and a raw material for electroplating. In wastewater, Cr (VI) exists in various forms based on how the pH value changes. Because, of its highly developed porous structure, substantial specific surface area, and potent physical adsorption ability, activated carbon can efficiently adsorbs Cr.
A chemical adsorption action on Cr will also be caused by the several electrostatic ionic groups, which are present on the surface of activated carbon, including hydroxyl (-OH), carboxyl (-COOH), and others. The best removal of chromium from wastewater can therefore be achieved by combining chemical reduction, physical adsorption, and physical adsorption of active carbon.
2. Treatment of wastewater containing phenol with activated carbon
Wastewater containing phenol is produced in industrial production by petrochemical factories, resin plants, cookery plants, and oil refining plants. According to experimental research, temperature and pH have the most effects on the adsorption of phenol by activated carbon. With a rise in temperature, activated carbon's adsorption equilibrium time on phenol would shorten, but an excessively high temperature can degrade the adsorption capacity. The phenol adsorption action in wastewater is significantly influenced by the pH value.
When the pH is larger than 7, the amount of phenol in the wastewater decreases noticeably, and if the alkalinity is too high, the adsorption effect gets stronger. When the pH value is less than or equal to 7, the amount of phenol in the wastewater does not change considerably.
3. Activated carbon to handle wastewater that is oily
Activated carbon is the most widely utilized substance to clean up greasy wastewater, since it is a non-polar adsorbent. With a larger specific surface area and a more abundant microporous structure than other adsorbents, activated carbon has good oil adsorption and can remove dispersed oil, emulsified oil, dissolved oil, and other organic compounds from wastewater.
Conclusion
Strongly employed in chemical environmental governance, sanitation, food, and other communities, activated carbon has excellent chemical invariance, high mechanical strength, and other desirable qualities. Activated carbon can efficiently remove the majority of organic contaminants, heavy metals, odours, and colours from water in the serious water pollution situation of today.
It offers significant scientific value and a variety of potential applications in the field of wastewater treatment.
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