What are the Air Pollution Control devices?
When certain compounds are present in high enough concentrations and for long enough periods in the air, they are deemed polluted. Air pollutants are produced by both natural and human-made sources, including mobile and stationary sources (e.g., volcanic eruptions and wildfires).
Moving sources, such as aeroplanes, trains, and vehicles, are referred to as mobile, whereas stationary sources, such as power plants, industries, and other facilities, are referred to as stationary.
Different air pollution control devices
Air pollution control devices are a set of devices that work to keep a range of gases and solid pollutants out of the atmosphere. These control devices can be divided into two categories:
1. Devices that regulate the amount of particulate matter that escapes into the environment
Examples of air pollution control technologies often used to manage particulate emissions are:
Fabric filtration, including pulsejet and mechanical bag filter units; electrostatic precipitators; inertial separators, including cyclones; water scrubbing devices; and ceramic filters
2. Devices that control acidic gas emissions
Examples of air pollution technologies typically used to control gaseous chemical contaminants:
Bio filtration, incineration/thermal oxidation, including afterburners, chemical scrubbing devices, and adsorption.
Here are some of the devices that are used in Air pollution control:
1. Fabric filters
Fabric filters are a popular method for removing particulate matter from a gas stream due to their high effectiveness and versatility. During fabric filtration, fans draw or push particulate-laden gas through the cloth. Fabric filters can be formed of woven or felted fabrics and can be in the shape of sheets, cartridges, or most typically cylindrical bags containing many separate fabric filter units, hence the words ‘bag filters’ and ‘baghouses’. A fabric-filter dust collector can remove almost all particles smaller than 1 m and a considerable fraction of particles smaller than 0.01 m.
2. Electrostatic precipitators
Electrostatic precipitation is a popular method for eliminating tiny pollutants from the air. Particles suspended in the airstream are given an electric charge as they enter an electrostatic precipitator and then removed under the effect of an electric field. Baffles for spreading airflow, discharge and collection electrodes, a dust clean-out system, and collecting hoppers are all part of the precipitation unit. The discharge electrodes are charged with a high voltage direct current which attracts the particles to oppositely charged collection electrodes, where they get trapped. Particulate is knocked off the plates, allowing it to fall into the collection hopper without being re-entrained in the gas stream.
3. Cyclone separator
A cyclone separator is a device that removes particulate matter from gases using the concept of inertia. Dirty flue gas enters a chamber creating a tornado-like vortex in these separators. Gas particles travel up the cylinder due to the difference in inertia between them and larger particulate matter, whilst larger particles hit the inside wall and fall down. The particulate matter is separated from the flue gas, leaving clean flue gas.
4. Ceramic filter
Incineration gases and other high-temperature gas streams can be cleaned with low-density ceramic filter components.
The ceramic filter has three primary advantages: refractory composition, fire and spark resistance, high porosity, thermal shock resistance and inert and resistant to attack from both acid and alkali gas streams. High filtration efficiency is achieved by combining a residual dust layer with a cake filtration process. Ceramic filters can withstand temperatures of up to 900 degrees Celsius.
5. Scrubbers
Scrubbers are systems that remove hazardous pollutants from industrial exhaust gases before they are released into the environment. These pollutants are usually gaseous, and flue gas desulfurization refers to the use of scrubbers to remove Sox specifically.
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